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economic independence from surrounding agricultural societies
Pastoral societies often traded animal products, like meat and hides, with their agricultural neighbors in exchange for crops and other goods. They also engaged in raiding and occasional conflicts over resources and grazing lands. Additionally, they sometimes formed alliances and intermarried with agricultural communities for mutual benefit and security.
true
because herding societies tended to settle on particular lands
Agricultural, pastoral, and foraging societies all had one goal in common: find food. Though, they went about these different ways. Agricultural, or agrarian societies are based on large-scale agricultural production made possible by plows pulled by animals. Agrarian societies are far more efficient than earlier societies and typically have a huge food surplus. This supports a complex division of labor which leads to the accumulation of great wealth by the few and considerable inequality. Pastoral societies are societies in which animals are domesticated and raised for food in pastures. Pastoral societies tended to develop in arid regions where there was insufficient rainfall to raise crops on the land. They were usually nomadic, moving on to a new area after the animals had exhausted the food supply in each pasture. Foraging societies, or commonly known as Hunter-Gatherers, generally have a passive dependence on what the environment contains. Because of this, the length of time that they stay in any one location is largely determined by the availability of food and water that is readily obtainable. They do not plant crops and the only domesticated animals that they usually have are dogs.
An advantage of societies built on agricultural production is that it allows for more stable and predictable food sources due to the ability to cultivate crops year-round. In contrast, societies based on pastoral production may be more vulnerable to fluctuations in animal populations and access to grazing land, leading to potential food shortages.
mobile, relied on domesticated animals, and population much smaller than in agricultural societies
In decentralized pastoral or forest farming societies, women often had more autonomy and decision-making power over household and agricultural activities. They typically played a more active role in managing resources and had greater ownership of land and livestock compared to women in more centralized agricultural societies. Additionally, women in these societies often had stronger social networks and support systems within their communities.
A pastoral society relies primarily on raising livestock for sustenance and trade, while an agricultural society focuses on cultivating crops for food and resources. Pastoral societies tend to be more mobile and rely on seasonal migrations, while agricultural societies are often settled in one location and have a more stable food supply.
Hunting and Gathering societies and Pastoral societies
hunting and gathering societies and pastoral societies.
The story, though pastoral, has connections with agricultural labour