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shiism believes that the divine law of Islam whose substance is found in the God and in the tradition or Sunnah of the holy prophet, will remain valid to the day of the judgment and can never, nor will ever, be altered. a government which is really Islamic, under any pretext, refuse completely to carry out the Shariah's injunctions. the only duty of an islamic government is to make decisions by consultation within the demands of the moment.

the vow of the allegiance to Abu Bakr to saqifah, which ws motivated at least in part by political considerations and the incident described in the hadith of"Ink and Paper" which occurred during the last days of illness of the Holy prophet, reveal the fact that those who directed and backed the movement to choose the caliph through the process of election believed that the book of God should be preserved in the form of a constitution.they emphasized the Holy book and paid much less attention to the words of the Holy prophet as an immutable source of the teachings of Islam. they seem to have accepted the modification of certain aspects of Islamic teachings concerning government to suit the conditions of the moment nd for the sake of the general welfare.

this tendency to emphasize only certan principles of the divine law is confirmed by many sayings that were later transmitted concerning the conpanions of the Holy prophet.for example, the companions were considered to be independent authorities in matters of the Divine Law or Mujtahids being able to excercise independent judgment or ijtehad in public affairs. it was also believed that if they succeed in their task, they would be rewarded by God and if they failed, they would be forgiven by him since they were among the companions. this view was widely held during the early years following the death of the Holy prophet. shiism takes a stricter stand and believes that the actions of companions, as of all other Muslims, should be judged strictly according to the teachings of the Shariah.

besides, the friends and followers of Ali believed that after the death of prophet, the caliphate and religious authority belonged to ALI. this belief came from consideration of Ali's position and station in relation to the prophet , his relation to the chosen among the companions , as well as his relation to muslim as general.

it was only the events that occurred during the few days of the prophet final illness that indicated that there was opposition to their view, contrary expectation, at the very moment when the prophet died and his body lay still unburied while his household and a few companion occupied with for his burial and funeral services , the friend and followers of Ali received news of the activity of another group who had gone to the mosque where community where gathered faced with this sudden loss of its leader.

this group ,Which was later ti form the majority , set forth in great haste to select a caliph for the muslim with the aims of the ensuring the welfare of the community and solving its immediate problems. they did this without consulting the household of the prophet , his relatives or many of his friends who were busy with funeral and without providing them with the least information. thus Ali and his companions were presented with a fait accompli .

Ali and his friends such as Abbas , Zubayr , Salman . Abu Dharr , Meghdad and Ammar, after finishing with the burial of the body of the prophet became aware of the proceedings by which the caliph had been selected . they proteted against the act of choosing the caliph by consultation or election , and also against those who were responsible for carrying it out.

they even presented their own proofs and arguments but the answer they received was that the welare of the muslims was at sake and the solution lay in what had been done.it was this protest and criticism which separated from the majority the minority that were following Ali and made his followers known to society as the partisans or shiah of Ali . the caliphate of the time was anxious to guard against this appellation being given to the Shiite minority and thus to have muslim society divided into sections comprised of a majority and a minority .

THE supporters of the caliph considered the caliphate to be a matter of the consensus of the community , and called those who objected the opponents of allegiance . they claimed that the shiiah stood, therefore opposed to muslim society .sometimes the shiiah were given other pejorative and degrading names.

shiism was condemn from the first moment because of the political situation of the time and thus it couild not accomplish anything through mere political protest.

Ali in order to safeguard the well-being of islam and the muslims and also because of lack of sufficient political and military power did not endeavor to begin an uprising aganst the existing political order which would have been of a bloody nature . yet those who proteted against the established caliphate refused to surrender to the majority in certain questions of faith and continued to hold that the succession to the prophet and the religious authority belonged by right to Ali. they believed all spiritual and religious matters should be refered to him and invited people to becime his followers.

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10y ago
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11y ago

because they had nobody to follow so they didnt know how to carry on being good muslims

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Q: Why did Muhammad's death affect Sunni and Shiite Muslims?
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