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When was qutb-ud-din-aibak born?
1078
Who was the first slave king of Delhi sultanate?
Qutb-ud din -aibak
What are the early difficulties of Iltutmish?
Difficulties of IltutamishWhen Iltutmishbecame the ruler in 1211, he had a large number of difficulties to face. Instead of being disheartened by them, he faced them boldly and overcame them all. He took prompt action against Qutbiand MuizziMaliksand gave them a crushing defeat in the neighbourhood of Delhi. He consolidated his position in the area around Delhi. He also secured a letter of manumission from Yildoz.YildozTaj-ud-DinYildozwas a formidable foe of Iltutmish.He considered himself to be the successor of Muhammad Ghoriand was not prepared to allow the Muslim Empire in India to be independent. In 1214, Yildozcame to Lahore and occupied the same. This was too much for Iltutmish.He marched against Yildozand defeated him in the Battle of Tarainnear Thanesar.Yildozwas made a prisoner and sent to the fortress of Badaunwhere he was later on put to death. It was in this way that Iltutmishwas successful in disposing of one of his enemies.QabachaIltutmishwas also successful against Nasir-ud-dinQabachawho ruled over Uchand Multan. After the death of Qutb-ud-Din,Qabachahad occupied even a portion of the Punjab. As Qabacharefused to recognize Iltutmishas overlord, lltutmishdeclared war against him in 1217 and he was successful in driving him out of the Punjab. As the power of Qabachawas not completely crushed,' he managed to remain independent for another decade.In 1227, Iltutmishonce again marched against him and was successful in capturing Uchwithout much resistance. Qabachaescaped from Uchand took shelter in Bhakkar.When Bhakkaralso was besieged by Iltutmish,Qabachalost heart and asked for peace. He sent his son MasudBahramto negotiate the terms but he was impirisoned.Qabachawas so much upset that he tried to escape from Bhakkarbut was drowned in the River Indus. One view is that he was killed in an accident. Still another view is that he committed suicide. Whatever the truth, Iltutmishcaptured Bhakkarand appointed VizirMuhammad Junaidito complete the conquest for Lower Sindh.BengalAfter the death of Qutb-ud-DinAibak,Ali Mardandeclared himself independent in Bengal and took up the title of Ala-ud-Din.However, he died after two years. He was succeeded by his son Hisam-ud-DinIwaz.The latter took up the title of Ghias-ud-Dinand struck coins in his own name. Even the Khutbawas read in his name. This was too much for Iltutmishto put up with such defiance. No wonder, he sent an expedition against him in 1225 and he followed the same.Ghias-ud-Dinheard the approach of Iltutmish,he at once submitted and agreed to lay a huge sum as tribute. The submission of Ghias-ud-Dinwas not a lasting one and after some he once again raised the standard of revolt. Another expedition was sent against him.Ghias-ud-Dinwas defeated and killed and Bengal was completely brought under the throne of Delhi. When Nasir-ud-Dinwho had conquered Bengal died in 1229, the KhaljiMaliksrevolted in lengalunder Balka.Iltutmishhimself went to Bengal at the head of the army and defeated Balkaid put Ala-ud-DinJaniin charge of Bengal.The RajputsAfter the death of Aibak,the Rajputsdid their best to drive away theTurks.TheChandelascovered Kalinjarand Ajaigarh.The Pratiharasdrove away the Muslim Garrisons from Gwalior d reoccupied the city. They also occupied Narwarand Jhansi.The ChauhanRuler of Ranthambhorrends out the Turkish troops and brought under his control Jodhpurand the adjacent areas.The hauhansof Jalorconquered once again Nadol,Mandor,Bharmer,Ratnapur,Sanchor,Radhadhara,hera,Ramasinand Bhinamal.JadonBhattisestablished their sovereignty in Northern Alwar,Bayanaand Thangirput an end to Turkish supremacy and became independent.Iltutmishcould not be expected to allow the Rajputsto remain independent for long. In 1226, he besieged Ranthambhor,captured it and regarrisonedit. Mandor,capital of the ParmaraRajputs,was also captured and regarrisoned.Next he besieged Jalor.UdaiSingh,its ruler, offered stiff Resistance.Ultimately, he was made to surrender. However, he was allowed to continue as ruler, on the condition of his payment of tribute. Bayanaand Thangirwere also recaptured. Ajmerwas captured after stiff resistance. Nagairin Jodhpurwas recovered. In 1231, Gwalior was besieged. MalayavarmaDeva, it ruler, fought bravely but ultimately surrendered.Trilokyavarma,the ruler of Kalinjar,abandoned Kalinjarand the same was plundered. However, the Chandelaswere able to trunout the Muslims once again. Iltutmishled the attack on Nagadain person. However, he was defeated by KsetraSingh,its ruler and Iltutmishsuffered heavy losses. Iltutmishtried to subdue jtheChalukyasof Gujarat but he was unsuccessful.In 1234-35, Iltutmishled an expedition to Malwa.He plundered Bhilsaand Ujjain.He also destroyed the temple of Mahakalat Ujjain.The contention of Sir WolseleyHaigis that Iltutmishconquered and annexed Malwabut it appears that it was merely a raid and not a war of conquest.The DoabBadaunKanauj,Banarasand Katehar(Rohilkhand)etc., asserted their independence in the time of Iltutmish.However, as soon as Iltutmishwas able to re-establishhis authority, he tookaction against them. One by one, Badaun,Kanaujand Banaraswere recaptured.The same was the case with Katehar.An expedition was sent to Bahraichand the same was captured. Avadhwas also brought under Delhi after stiff resistance. It was found difficult to defeat a local tribe which was fighting under their chief named Bartuor Pirthu.The Turks were defeated by them on many occasions and more than a lakhof the troops were destroyed by them. It was only after the death of Prithuthat the local tribes were subdued. Expeditions were also sent against Chandwaraand Tirhut.The MongolsIn the year 1221, the Mongols appeared for the first time on the banks of the river Indus under their famous leader ChangizKhan who had overrun the countries of Central and Western Asia with lightning rapidity.' When he attacked Jalal-ud-DinMangabami,the last Shah crKhwarizmof Khiva,the latter fled to the Punjab. He asked Iltutmishto give him shelter.Iltutmishfelt that by helping Jalal-ud-Dinhe would be inviting trouble from ChangizKhan. Consequently he wrote back saying that although he had no objection to giving him shelter, he was afraid that the climate of the Punjab would not suit him.This was a very polite way of refusing the request. The result was that Jalal-ud-Dinentered into an alliance with the Khokhars.He defeated Nasir-ud-DinQabachaof Multan and plundered Sindhand Northern Gujarat. After that he went away to Persia.The Mongols also retired. Thus, the infant Muslim Empire in India was saved. The last expedition of Iltutmishwas directed against Banian.According to Raverty,this was situated in hill tracts of the SindhSagarDoabor in the country immediately West of the Salt Range. Iltutmishwas attacked on the way by such a severe illness that he had to be carried back to Delhi in a litter. The disease proved fatal and he died on 29 April, 1236.The famous QutbMinarnear Mehrauliin Delhi was got completed by Iltutmishin the year 1231 -1232. It stands as a testimony to the greatness of Iltutmish.The QutbMinarwas not named after Qutb-ud-DinAibakbut after KhwajaQutb-ud-Din-anative of Uchnear Baghdad who had come to live in Hindustan and was held in great esteem by Iltutmishand others. Out of gratitude, Iltutmishgot the names of his patrons, Qutb-ub-DinAibakand Sultan Muiz-ud-Din,inscribed on it. A magnificent mosque was also built by the orders of the Sultan.The reign of Iltutmishsaw the decline of Lahore and the rise of Delhi. Delhi gradually became the greatest centre of learning and culture in the East. Great scholars like Nur-ud-Din,Mohammad Aufi,Minhaj-us-Sirajand HasanNizamiwere assembled in his court. Likewise, many saints, artists and artisans also flocked to Delhi. The result was that Delhi became "Second Baghdad."MinhajusSirajtells us that ChangizKhan was a tall, well built man, with a robust frame. He had eat-likeeyes. He was extremely brave, wise, far-sighted,clever and just, excellent in administration and in over-throwinghis enemies.He was a terrible killer and a ferocious blood-shedder.His justice was so severe that no one except the owner had the courage to pick up a whip that had fallen by the road-sideAn idea of the havoc brought by ChangizKhan in his conquests is given by Juwayniin these words : "Wherever there was a king or a ruler or the Governor of a city that offered him resistance, ChangizKhan annihilated him together with his family and his followers, kinsmen and strangers, so that where there had been a hundred thousand people, there remained, without exaggeration, not a hundred souls alive, as a proof of which statement may be cited the fate of various cities. "After capturing the town of Khwarizmwhich lay in shambles the Mongols drove the people into the open More than a hundred thousand craftsmen were selected and sent to the countries of the east. The children and the young women were taken away as captives Order was given for the rest to be slaughtered Every Mongol soldier had to execute 24 persons. No inhabitants were left.After the fall of Nishapur.All of its inhabitants were brought out and slaughtered even cats and dogs were not spared. The result is that nothing remains now on the site to the great historic city. After the fall of the Fort of Taliqanall its inhabitants were massacred.Even cats and dogs were not spared. "The wombs of pregnant women were cut open, the heads of babies were severed, and the ramparts, palaces and houses were levelled with the ground." Prof. Habibsays that the ruthlessness of ChangizKhan enabled him to unite the Steppeulusesinto a homogeneous unit by the complete annihilation of all rival chiefs.His high grade intelligence cannot be doubted, nor was his genius for organisation, but his military victory due primarily to his capacity for striking below the belt - to his meanness of character in attacking the civil population on a wholesale scale.The Delhi Sultanate owes the outlines of its administrative system to Iltutmish.He organised the Revenue and Finance Departments. This was a task which had not been attempted by any other Muslim Ruler in India before him. An administrative structure could not be built without the support of the Turkish Nobility and that could be done either by fear or through favour.The first was out of the question as the Muslim State in India was in its infancy and there was also the danger of Mongol invasions and opposition from the Hindus. No wonder, Iltutmishtackled the problem in a spirit of reconciliation and compromise.He divided the Empire into several Iqtaswhich were assigned to various nobles. Every Iqtadarhad to maintain law and order and collect revenue. After deducting his salary and the expenses of the Government, he sent the surplus revenue to the Central Government.The Iqtadarisystem differed from the feudal system of Europe. The Iqtadarswere not the owners of the land allotted to them. They were mere functionaries. They could be transferred from one assignment to another and could even be deprived of their Iqtasat the sweet will of the Emperor.It is true that the Iqtadarisystem was not an ideal one but it suited the needs of the moment. The system also satisfied the vanity of the nobles and they could be prevented from frittering away their energy in mutual fights or in opposing the Emperor.In order to check the tendency on the part of the nobles to become too powerful, Iltutmishset up an official nobility of slaves known as the Chahalganior the corps of forty. As the members of the Chahalganiwere the personal slaves of the Emperor, the latter could depend on their loyalty and allegiance and through them could keep a grip over the affairs of the Government.It cannot be denied that by establishing peace and by curbing the centriftigalforces, Iltutmishcreated a sort of political unity and a centralised government which guaranteed protection to the. People both from foreign invasion and internal disturbances.Iltutmishinscribed upon his coins the proud legend "The Mighty Sultan, Sun of the Empire and the Faith, Conquest laden Iltutmish"and "Aid of the Commander of the Faithful." Before Iltutmish,the Muslim rulers issued small bullion coins of the native form and inscribed their names sometimes in Nagariscript and sometimes in Arabic. Those coins also bore symbols familiar to the Hindus, such as the bull of Shiva and the horseman. Iltutmishwas the first who introduced a purely Arabic coinage. He adopted as his standard coin the silver tanka,the ancestor of the rupee, weighing 175 grains. Gold tankasof the same weight were introduced later on by Balban.Iltutmishwas a pious Muslim. He was very particular about his five daily prayers. However, he was intolerant towards the Shias.No wonder, the Ismail-Shiasrevolted against him but their revolt was crushed. A large number of them were put to death.His treatment of the Hindus was also not enlightened. He continued to persecute them. Iltutmishcannot be described as a constructive statesman. However, through his courage and bravery, he was able to save the infant Muslim empire in India. He continued the work started by Qutb-ud-DinAibak.
When did Qutb-ud-din Aibak die?
Qutb-ud-din Aibak died in 1210.
Who is the father of qutb-ud-din Aibak?
The father of Qutb-ud-din Aibak was a Turkish slave named Aybak. He was originally a mamluk (slave soldier) who later rose through the ranks to become a powerful ruler in Delhi, India.
What is the full name of the aibak?
Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Who is the father of qutb-ud-aibak?
other name of qutbuddin aibak
What was built by qutb-ud-din aibak?
Qutub minar is height of 72.5m built by qutb-ud-din aibak in 1192
When was qutb-ud-din-aibak born?
1078
Who was the first slave king of Delhi sultanate?
Qutb-ud din -aibak
Which delhi rulers died in 1210 by horseback?
qutb-ud-din aibak
Historical people who's names begin with q?
Qutb-ud-din Aibak
Who were the founders of the Delhi Sultanate?
Mohammed Ghori invaded India and established an empire here. But he did not rule it. He left his trusted general, Qutb-ud-din Aibak to rule the Sultanate.
Why was Qutb uddin Aibak nicknamed lakh baksh?
Qutb ud Din Aibak was nicknamed "Lakh Baksh" which means "the bestower of lakhs" because he was known for his generosity in distributing large sums of money to various groups, particularly to the poor and needy.
Which Indian king died when he was playing polo?
Qutb-din- Aibak died when he was playing polo in Lahore
