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After the Berlin Wall came down in Nov 1989, the East German government collapsed as well and the German reunification began in earnest. Gorbachev of the Soviet Union, had made it clear to the East German leadership, that they were on their own and could expect no help from the Soviet Union. The Russians had enough problems at home by that time-including shortages of just about everything and an economy that was about on the verge of collapse! Erich Honnecker, the East German Leader, had been in power for over 25 years, and was an ardent, Stalinist and out of touch with the German people. Gorbachev never did like him. As a result, the Soviet stood idly by while both German states reunified and the Soviet military withdrew from East Germany peacefully in 1990-91.

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