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Many Arabs fled Israel and were forced to live in refugee camps for decades.
The State of Israel, declared in 1948.
Many Palestinians became refugees living in camps in Syria and Lebanon.
In May 1948, about 1,250,000 Arabs lived in British Mandate Palestine. 670,000 Arabs fled the new state of Israel and slightly less than 65,000 were ever able to return to their homes. That resulted in slightly more than 605,000 Palestinian Arabs, becoming refugees in countries outside of the new state of Israel. Children and other relatives, have been added to the total number of Palestinian refugees over the years.
It is unclear what an "Israeli" is prior to 1948 as there was no state of Israel before that point. If the term "Israeli" is also pushed back to the forerunners of the State, the Zionist Palestinian Jewry, it still only goes back to conflicts in the early 1920s. Additionally, many non-Zionist Palestinian Jews and Palestinian Arabs would also have descendants who would be Israeli citizens. Between all of the various wars and riots since the 1920s, roughly 25,000 Israelis and Palestinian Jews were killed at Arab hands (either Palestinian Arabs or Arabs from other countries). Prior to 1920s, the numbers would been incidental.
Nur Masalha has written: 'Imperial Israel And The Palestinians' 'An Israeli plan to transfer Galilee's Christians to South America' -- subject(s): Palestinian Arabs, Population transfers, Relocation, Christians 'A Land Without a People' 'Israeli plans to resettle the Palestinian refugees, 1948-1972' -- subject(s): Arab Refugees, Palestinian Arabs, Population transfers, Refugees, Arab
The Palestinian Arabs and Jewish Militias were already embroiled in a civil war as early as 1946 (but primarily in 1947) before the conflict widened to be an international Arab-Israeli War. Most Palestinians fled either because of fear of Jewish/Israeli retaliation, incitement by community leaders, or generally a desire to be away from the conflict. After the war, Palestinians see the events of the 1947-1949 Jewish-Arab Engagement as the Nakba (Great Catastrophe).
Many Palestinian Arabs rejected the United Nations' partition plan, feeling that it was unfair and unjust as they believed the land belonged to them. They saw it as a loss of their rights and a denial of self-determination. This led to widespread protests and ultimately the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
In 1948, Jews didn't have a country, so they invaded Palestine, killed many Palestinians, and forced many out. The Jews then changed the name of Palestine to Israel.
Israeli is the common term. However, I know Israeli Arabs who would prefer to be called Palestinians, and before 1948, Jews from the region now known as Israel were known as Palestinian Jews.
Ethnically, the inhabitants are primarily Palestinian Arabs, most of them refugees or the descendants of refugees who arrived during and after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Culturally- and religiously speaking, the population are mostly Sunni Muslims.
Roughly 14,500 individuals have died as a result of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Over 80% of the casualties have been Palestinian.