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In the Civil War, a US Army division consisted of mostly infantry with artillery and cavalry. [A CS Army division actually had more men, but they were all infantry with artillery and cavalry units attached as need-be.] Large military units; brigades, divisions, corps, and field armies were the general rule.

After the Civil War, the only Indians who had not been destroyed or assimilated were the Plains Indians, entirely mounted, and fighting in the style of irregular light cavalry. Except to defend areas against them, infantry and artillery were of no use because they moved too slowly for offensive operations. The US Army cavalry opposing them were spread thinly over a wide area. They had to adopt the tactics of the Indians; ambush, feint, withdrawal, etc. One tactic which remained the same was the attempted starvation of the enemy, such as killing the Buffalo on which the Plains Indians depended, as had done earlier by burning Southern plantations.

One difference between the Civil War and the Indian Wars was the difference in money allotted for the fighting of them. Much money was spent on winning the Civil War, while the Indian Wars were taken less seriously and budget cuts severely restricted the ability of the US Army to bring the Plains Indians into line.

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Q: How did the Army have to change its organization and tactics to fight the Indian Wars as opposed to how it fought the Civil War?
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