The Ottoman Empire expanded by conquering territory from neighboring states. In some cases, such as the Byzantine Empire (and all of its Despotates), the Sultante of Rum, the Empire of Trebizond, the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, and several Balkans States, were entirely consumeed by the Ottoman Empire. Others such as the Hungarian Empire and Romania were not entirely conquered but lost some lands.
The Ottomans expanded their territory through conquering the territory of nearby states.
Ottoman Empire
Turkey
serbia
the former Ottoman Empire.
A ziamet is a form of land tenure in the Ottoman Empire.
The Ottoman Sultans extended their empire beyond the Middle East by occupying land in Europe. In 1389, the Ottoman victory at Kosovo paved the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe. The Ottoman army was the largest army in Europe.
Numerous treaties broke up the Ottoman Empire. The most famous and which stripped the empire of the most land was the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
spain
Present day Turkey
The event that marked the official end of the Ottoman Empire is the end of WWI The Ottoman Empire aligned itself with Austria-Hungry and Germany. When the war was over Britain France and the US redistributed the land as they saw fit.
Arabs in the region wanted to gain independence from the Turkish leaders of the Ottoman Empire.
North Yemen became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1918.