They discovered the Southern Route to the Indian ocean, via Cape Hope, established trading enclaves at Indian Ocean Ports like Macau, and enforced their trade monopoly with Cannon, Ships, and Fortifications. They were tough, able, Mariners and Traders and they broke the Spice Monopoly belonging to the Arab Traders before them.
Armed with guns and cannons the Portuguese waged war on the inhabitants of coastal towns, burned villages and overwhelmed the enemy's fleets.
Portuguese, Dutch then English
The Dutch And to a lesser degree the English.
The spice trade. Research the Dutch East India Company and you will find a wealth of information as to why the Dutch were able to dominate the spice trade.
Though the Spice Trade began as early as 3000 BCE, by the mid-1500s, its existence allowed European domination in the East. Until the mid-15th century, all European trade with the East was done via the Silk Road; however, once the Portuguese discovered routes around Africa to the East in 1488, the spice trade exploded. The European Age of Discovery, spearheaded by the Portuguese and developed by the Dutch, Spanish, and English, transformed the trade which allowed European traders to bring back spices such as cinnamon, black pepper, ginger, turmeric, and more into Europe.
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Portugal lost control of the spice trade because of the Netherlands keeping them out of some of the best ports for spices.
Armed with guns and cannons the Portuguese waged war on the inhabitants of coastal towns, burned villages and overwhelmed the enemy's fleets.
Armed with guns and cannons the Portuguese waged war on the inhabitants of coastal towns, burned villages and overwhelmed the enemy's fleets.
the dutch
The moors vasco de gama discovered the spice after traveling to India
The Dutch took control of the spice trade from the Portugese in the fifteenth century.
Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch
Marco Polo and his trading company
The Portuguese focused on establishing trade routes to Asia, while the Spanish focused on colonizing the Americas. The Portuguese reached India by sailing around Africa, while the Spanish reached the Americas by sailing west across the Atlantic.
spice trade was controlled from europ to china and beyond by sea and ground.