The first modern socialists were early 19th century Western European social critics. In this period, socialism emerged from a diverse array of doctrines and social experiments associated primarily with British and French thinkers-especially Robert Owen, Charles Fourier, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Louis Blanc, and Saint-Simon. These social critics criticised the excesses of poverty and inequality of the Industrial Revolution, and advocated reforms such as the egalitarian distribution of wealth and the transformation of society into small communities in which private property was to be abolished. Outlining principles for the reorganization of society along collectivist lines, Saint-Simon and Owen sought to build socialism on the foundations of planned, utopian communities.
By 1847, "Socialism" was "respectable" on the continent of Europe, while "Communism" was the opposite; the Owenites in England and the Fourierists in France were considered Socialists, while working class movements which "proclaimed the necessity of total social change" termed themselves "Communists". This latter was "powerful enough" to produce the communism of Étienne Cabet in France and Wilhelm Weitling in Germany.
The socialist movement began in response to the social and economic conditions of the 19th century, including industrialization, inequality, and poor working conditions. Influential thinkers such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels developed socialist theories that critiqued capitalism and called for a more equitable society based on collective ownership of resources. Socialists organized labor movements and political parties to advocate for workers' rights and social change.
-libertarian socialist-anti-state anti-capitalist-directly democratic socialist-anti-authoritarian commnunist/socialist
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels are generally credited with developing the political and economic theories known as Marxism. Their collaborative works, including "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital," have become foundational texts for the socialist movement.
Eugene Debs was a socialist who believed in economic equality, workers' rights, and social justice. He advocated for the rights of the working class and was a key figure in the labor movement in the United States. Debs also believed in the cooperative ownership of industries and the elimination of capitalism.
The Enlightenment began in Europe, particularly in countries like England, France, and Germany in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was a movement that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights over tradition and superstition.
The Enlightenment period began in the late 17th century, around the 1680s and peaked in the 18th century. It was a time of intellectual and cultural movement that emphasized reason, science, and individualism.
Socialist Movement for Integration was created in 2004.
Russian Socialist Movement was created in 2011.
Movement for Socialist Democracy ended in 1996.
Young Socialist Movement was created in 1993.
Arab Socialist Movement was created in 1930.
Popular Socialist Movement ended in 1982.
Peruvian Socialist Movement was created in 1989.
Popular Socialist Movement was created in 1974.
Militant Socialist Movement was created in 1983.
United Socialist Movement was created in 1934.
Panhellenic Socialist Movement's motto is 'Αυτοδύναμη Ελλάδα'.
Socialist Movement of the Senegalese Union was created in 1956.