Athens being a naval power , ironically , had to become a land-based power whereas , in contrast , Sparta being a land-based power had to become a naval power in order to carry out the conflict against each other .
The advantage that Athens had during the Peloponnesian wars was that they had a bigger army. They also had a larger Navy.
During the Peloponnesian war.
Sparta .
plato
Sicily.
By sea.
Phase 1 - the Peloponnesian League invested Athens, which sent out amphibious expeditions targeting the Peloponnesian League cities. Phase 2 - a phony peace during which Athens tried to capture Syracuse in Sicily. Phase 3 - more direct hostilities during which Persia supplied the funds for the Peloponnesian League to mount a fleet which could match the Athenian one. Athens defeated at sea, invested and surrendered.
Its Peloponnesian League opponents were superior on land. Athens' strategy was to defend the city walls and attack the opposition cities with its superior navy. This worked until persia financed a comparable navy for the Peloponnesian League.
Athens suffered a number of disasters: the plague, Syracuse, and the defeat of its fleet.
Notably , the main leaders during the Peloponnesian Wars was Pericles leading Athens and Archidamus II of Sparta ~ See related link below .
A Plague that has yet to be identified by experts .
The actual trigger was Athens' ruinous trading ban on its neighbour Megara, which was a member of the Peloponnesian League headed by Sparta which was opposing Athenian expansionism. The League asked Athens to rescind the ban, Athens refused and war broke out.