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Abbasid Caliphate.
The Abbasid dynasty
The one that came right after it and conquered the Iberian peninsula was the Umayyad caliphate. The Umayyad Caliphate was in turn replaced by the Abbassid, Fatimid, Aghlabid, Idrissid, Buyid, Ayyubid, and numerous other Caliphates.
From 661 CE to 750 CE.
Umayyad Caliphate's capital city is Damascus.
It depends on which Umayyad Caliphate you are talking about.The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus from 660 C.E. to 750 C.E. was overthrown by a coup d'état led by the Abbassid Family.The Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba from 711 C.E. to 1038 C.E. ended when the final Caliph, Hisham III, died without any successors.
It depends on what you mean by "defeated". The Umayyad armies experienced their first major loss in Poitiers, France in 732 C.E. The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus was overthrown by the Abbassids in 750 C.E. The Umayyad Caliphate in Córdoba, Spain collapsed in 1038 C.E. with the death of Hisham III without any successors.
The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus was succeeded by Abbassid Family. Whereas Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba ended without any successor when Hisham II, the final Caliph died.
It depends on which Umayyad Caliphate you are talking about. The Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus from 660 C.E. to 750 C.E. was overthrown by a coup d'état led by the Abbassid Family. The Abbassids remained in power from 750 C.E. to 1258 C.E. but lost a significant amount of power by the year 1000 C.E. The Umayyad Caliphate in Cordoba from 711 C.E. to 1038 C.E. ended when the final Caliph, Hisham III, died without any successors. The Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba splintered into over 30 different minor city-state kingdoms called Taifas.
Abd al-Rahman I founded the Umayyad Dynasty in Cordoba after he fled the coup d'etat by the Abbassids against the Umayyad Caliphate based in Damascus. Abd al-Rahman was the only Umayyad survivor, but was able to flee beyond the control of the Abbassids by taking over the Spanish territories of the Caliphate.
Umayyad Dynasty
Janina M Safran has written: 'The second Umayyad Caliphate' -- subject(s): Caliphate, History