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Cancer cells show indefinite cellular division, lack of response to signals and other cells, resistance to apoptosis, and abnormal migration and invasiveness.Indefinite cell division:Cancer cells are usually mutants that lack functional forms of checkpoints for cellular division; they hastily pass though the cellular cycle over and over again. The cells usually do not fix mistakes in their DNA and therefore are genetically unstable(more mutations will continue with more divisions).Lack of response to other cells and their signals:Normally cells will not stop dividing when they receive signals from neighboring cells or come in physical contact with other cells. Cancer cells have lost that control and continually divide no matter what they bump into or are told to do.Resistance to apoptosis (programed cell death):Normal cells can be given external signals by other cells to die. Internal signals to commit suicide are given if cellular machinery is damaged beyond repair or when cellular functions are breaking down. Cancer cells continue to replicate at a fast pace, ignoring these signals to commit suicide and expanding their numbers.Abnormally invasive / random migration:Since genes are unstable it is likely that the proteins on the cell's surface that anchor it to the extracellular matrix and other cells will become defective or lost. The cells lose their grip and move to different spots around the body; this is especially dangerous if the cells fall into the blood stream because they can travel all over the body. These cells are also capable of living inside tissues other than where they originated.
hyperplastic
specific genes
Moneey! D: And also show how you response for the important of anything or anyone that give blessing to your everyday life.
Antibodies are non specific! That is why antibody testing does not signify anything specific except that an immune response is on progress. Processed flour will give you an immune response and show elevated liver enzymes that are typical during times of infection
MHC markers- which are proteins that present or "show" antigens like bacteria to other immune cells. Instead of being targets, they are helper proteins of the immune system.
Immune cells can detect intracellular pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). When PRRs on immune cells bind to PAMPs, it triggers a signaling cascade that activates the immune response against the intracellular pathogen. This process helps immune cells detect and respond to the presence of intracellular pathogens.
its process our body to protect the cells
No, not even close. White blood cells are cells that circulate in your blood and lymph. B-cells are a type of white blood cell that start producing antibodies when they are shown what the antibody is needed for. For example, if your body has a bacterial infection, other cells 'pick up' debris from these bacterial cells, and 'show' these debris pieces to the B-cells. These B-cells then transform into 'plasma cells', which start producing antibodies specific for that particular bacteria. Antibodies basically 'stick' to any of that same bacteria that they find around your body, acting as a flag, so that your other immune cells can find it and attack it.
T cells are made in the red bone marrow but specialize into t cells outside the marrow in the thymus, hence the T in Tcells. two types of t cells are cytotoxic effector cells and helper t cells. think of cytotoxic t cells as the drunk guy in the bar that wants to fight everyone (and is a good fighter by the way) and the helper t cells are the friends who show him who to fight and provides him with the weapons to fight. CTC can attach to and destroy cells carrying antigens Helper T cells 1. present antigen to CE cells and plasma B cells to activate them into action and 2. produe powerful immune protein called cytokins which can stimulate the lymphocyte cell disvision.
Vaccinations 'show' proteins to B-cells, which then produce antibodies specific to those proteins.
The r and b lymphocyte groups mature in the primary lymphoid organs, which are the bone marrow for B cells and the thymus for T cells. During maturation, they undergo a series of genetic rearrangements to generate a diverse pool of receptors that can recognize a wide range of antigens. This process allows them to differentiate into functional immune cells capable of responding to specific pathogens.
The way in which inherited and acquired immunities differ is in the way the immune system responds to infection. With inherited immunity, the body does not create antibodies that are particular to a specific pathogen unlike acquired immunity.
MHC 1 is prevalent on pretty much all cells with the primary exception being red blood cells. It is the bodies mechanism of showing 'self', that is distinguishing cells that belong to the host from invading pathogens. MHC 1 specifically show a sample of what is inside the cytoplasm of the cell so macrophages can determine whether or not an immune response needs to be mounted. MHC 2 is not on every cell and therefore not as prevalent as MHC 1. MHC 2 is only present on antigen presenting cells (APC) which are dendritic cells, activated macrophages and activated B-cells; they sample and display the epitopes of what is in the extracellular matrix
Studies of cytokines show that psychological factors such as stress depress the immune system, but that deviations in the immune system can also trigger psychological and behavioral changes.
The difference is that granular leukocytes have granules in their cytoplasm while non-granular do not. Also granular leukocytes, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils respond to non-specific immunity and their main job is to digest pathogens. The non-granular leukocytes include lymphocytes and monocytes and they are part of the specific immune response of the body. The are called non-granular because their cytoplasm is clear and does not contain granules that show up with the addition of stain or dyes.