Runways are created with enough space to ensure that airplanes have plenty of room to take off and land, even in adverse weather. They are kept clean and free of obstacles that might get in the way of planes mid-takeoff. They're also inspected regularly by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration).
There are no commercial airports in Antarctica. Most science stations, however, have ice runways nearby, so that airplanes servicing the station can land on skis.
Most planes need carefully prepared runways to take off and land. And flying is an efficient method for long travels. So if you want to fly, you have to go by airports.
Airport expansion is needed as additional carriers enter a market. These carriers require both terminal access and support services. Additionally often airports require additional runways to handle larger heavier aircraft, and also to allow for multiple aircraft to land/takeoff at the same time.
There are no airports in Antarctica. Airplanes land and take off from ice runways, and are met with transportation vehicles to move cargo and people to and from the research facility to the airplanes.
An anemometer is a device used to measure wind speed. Together with a weather vane, the airport can report the wind speed and direction to incoming planes to assist in preparing for landing. As planes almost always take off and land into the wind to improve lift at low ground speeds, the airport will typically specify the takeoff and landing direction to incoming planes and, if they have runways with more than one compass orientation, which set of runways to use.
The length of a runway is based on the takeoff and landing needs of the aircraft that will use it. Airports that service large commercial jetliners will typically have much longer runways than airports that only service small private jets or propeller driven planes. That is because smaller aircraft typically require less distance to takeoff and land than larger, heavier aircraft. The length of any given runway will also take into consideration factors such as potential bad weather such as wind, rain, ice, and snow. Runways often have a built-in margin of safety to allow for circumstances such as a pilot over shooting the landing area, engine failure, or mechanical problems such as blown tires or faulty landing gear.
There are no airports in Antarctica. Logistical flights carried out by government military operations can land on ice runways during some periods of the year. There are no commercial flights that land anywhere on the Antarctic continent.
There are no paved runways in Antarctica. Airplanes land on skis, not wheels, on runways of ice.
It is an advantage if fixed wing aircraft take off and land into the prevailing wind. Therefore runways are angled to allow this to occur. Larger airports will have a selection of runways to allow a choice to be made depending on the current wind direction.
Yes. Both to take off and to land. There are several major airports at high altitude (like Mexico City and Denver, CO) that are real problems for pilots.
An airport is a place for aircraft to takeoff and land as well as receive many other services such as repair or refueling.
No. The F-35 which looks similar can takeoff and land vertically.