By translating the math model of a galaxies and a galaxy collisions into a simulation. And theoritically observe the process by experimenting with the variables.
Not generally, but galaxies do collide sometimes. In fact, the Andromeda Galaxy will probably collide with the Milky Way in about 3 billion years or so. In the collision, stars are often "flung" from one galaxy to the other, or thrown out of the original galaxy entirely. Follow the link below to see what happens when galaxies collide!
Visual evedence from telescopes. See related link for a pictorial
Nearby galaxies won't show much of a redshift, because they aren't moving away very quickly - or at all. For example, the Andromeda Galaxy, M31, is actually getting closer - and will collide with the Milky Way in about 3 billion years.
In a massive galactic collision, the stars much further apart than the water droplets in a rain cloud; the odds that any two stars would collide would be astronomical. However, the number of stars IS "astronomical", in the trillions for a big galaxy like the Milky Way and Andromeda, which WILL collide in about 4 billion years. So it's very possible that at least two such stars will collide, with catastrophic results; in all likelihood, the two stars would start to merge and promptly go nova, destroying them. But as a general rule, stars don't collide.
Four billion years from now, our galaxy, the Milky Way, will collide with our large spiraled neighbor, Andromeda.
Yes. Galaxies do sometimes collide.
You tend to end up with irregular galaxies
Not generally, but galaxies do collide sometimes. In fact, the Andromeda Galaxy will probably collide with the Milky Way in about 3 billion years or so. In the collision, stars are often "flung" from one galaxy to the other, or thrown out of the original galaxy entirely. Follow the link below to see what happens when galaxies collide!
Elliptical galaxies are large blob shaped galaxies that most galaxies will eventually look like. Elliptical galaxies are what happens when two or more large galaxies collide and coalesce.
When galaxies "collide", the individual stars do not actually smash together; they're far enough apart that they mostly slip past each other.
Not "a" merging galaxy - merging galaxies. Sometimes two (or even more) galaxies collide, and eventually combine (i.e., "merge") into a single galaxy.
The Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy are moving towards each other that a rate that will make them "collide" in about three and a quarter billion years. "Collide" is in quotes, because galaxies are mostly empty space, so it's fairly unlikely that any of the individual stars making up the two galaxies will physically touch as a result of the "collision"; instead, the two galaxies will just merge into a larger one.
Visual evedence from telescopes. See related link for a pictorial
Because although the universe is expanding, the galaxies within it are grouped into clusters. These clusters are still under the influence of gravity, so slowly, over many years, they are attracted towards each other and can collide with one another.
The force that draws two galaxies towards each other is gravity. The gravitational force between the two galaxies pulls them towards each other and can cause them to collide or interact.
Not by a long shot. There are a few different possible outcomes, but if the galaxies remain together if anything the black hole you end up with is bigger.
A galaxy is 99.999% empty space; they aren't actually solid. The only time you would see a "spectacular explosion" would be if individual stars within the galaxies were to collide. Which isn't to say that they would pass right through each other; the one thing each galaxy does have is what keeps it together as a galaxy; gravity. When two galaxies collide (which apparently is not particularly uncommon; we have photos of several sets of galaxies that are even now in the middle of their own collisions) each star within the galaxies falls under the gravitational influence of not only the other stars in their own galaxy but also all the gravity of all the stars in the other galaxy. The stars are bent away from their normal paths, each deflecting the other, until they swirl together - or are flung away from the galaxy and into deep space. In fact, many astronomers claim to have identified the traces of at least a few other galaxies within our own; the Milky Way has apparently swallowed some other galaxies.