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You have over billion air sacs in your lungs. Together they form about 100 square meter or 1100 square feet surface area. Through these large number of alveoli, you have transfer of oxygen and carbon bi oxide. When you have the air sacs damaged, that is compensated by increase in rate and depth of respiration. When the damage is more than, what can be compensated, you get respiratory failure. In this you get the oxygen, less than what is required by your body. This can be seen as central cyanosis.

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Q: How do damaged air sacs reduce the amount of oxygen in the blood?
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