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The amplitude of seismic waves is dependant on the medium through which they travel. Seismic waves in hard rock masses (e.g. granite) have lower amplitudes than those that travel through soft ground such as sediments and so a building constructed on granite is less likely to be damaged.

Further to this, sediments tend to undergo a process known as liquefaction during earthquakes which makes them behave as a liquid rather than a solid meaning they are very poor at supporting the load imposed by the building (they lose the majority of their bearing capacity) making it even more probable that the building will be damaged.

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Q: How do ground conditions affect earthquake damage to buildings?
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Buildings on filled land has less damages. Buildings on loose or soft soil has more damage.


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