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Cnidocytes or namatoblasts or cnidoblasts are called stinging cells. These are concentrated around mouth and on tentacles. These help in paralyzing and capturing the prey or killing the enemy.
Each cnidocyte acts as a capsule and encloses a nematocyst. The nematocyst is filled with poisonous fluid, hypotoxin, and its anterior end is drawn out into a long hollow thread which may bear spines.
On being stimulated, the nematocyst is ejected and its long thread either injects poison into the body of prey, killing or paralyzing it, or coils around it.
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Nematocysts are specific to the phylum Cnidaria, which contains sea anemones, corals, and jellyfish, along with some less well-known animals. Nematocysts are the most common form of cnidocytes, the general term for the stinging cells all cnidarians possess.
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As to the functions: stinging nematocysts function primarily for the capture of prey, and secondarily as a defense mechanism. There are many types of nematocysts, such as those that function to inject toxins to immobilize prey, and those which serve to entangle and hold onto the intended meal by wrapping around it. Species of cnidarian jellies vary in the types of nematocysts they possess, and this can be used to some extent in classifying and identification.
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