By being wrapped in myelin sheaths, produced by Schawann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system.
It is called a nerve impulse.
Thick axons conduct nerve impulses faster than thin axons because they have a lower resistance to the flow of electrical signals. This allows for quicker transmission of signals along the axon.
Synaptic transmission is chemical, while nerve impulse or axonal transmission is electrical.
Along a nerve cell, the impulse travels from the axon to the dendrites and then again to the axons through the synapse.
Myelinated nerve fibers transmit nerve impulses at the highest rate due to the presence of insulation provided by the myelin sheath. This insulation helps the nerve impulse jump quickly from one node of Ranvier to the next, allowing for rapid transmission.
action potential
diameter and presence of myelination.....
Impulse transmission on an unmyelinated nerve fiber is much slower than the impulse transmission on a myelinated nerve fiber.
Reflex nerve pathway is a monosynaptic transmission. There are no interneurons involved. Only the limb that carries the afferent nerve impulse from the stimulus and the efferent motor function for the reflex involved. That is why it is faster. Normal nerve transmission require an interpretation of the impulse by the brain whereas reflex pathways do not. Another reason is because most reflexes from the exteroreceptors travel along myelinated axons (white matter) which carry the impulse faster than other neurons that have unmyelinated axons (grey matter).
An action potention.
'Axons'
Nerve messages are called an impulse. Synapses are the space between two axons.