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The abundance of food by the 18th century was caused by new agricultural methods and technologies. Increasingly, the new technologies replaced farm workers, forcing them to look for work. Cities offered labor opportunities, by the late 18th to early 19th centuries, in factories and other industries. Hence, people increasingly left the countryside for the city in a process called urbanization.

The abundance of food also permitted longer lifespans, higher fertility rates and lower infant mortality rates which allowed for surging populations in Europe. In other words, there were more people across Europe in general.

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12y ago
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6d ago

The presence of surplus food allowed some people in early societies to specialize in activities other than food production, leading to the development of early cities as centers of trade, governance, and cultural exchange. This surplus also supported larger populations and attracted people to settle in one place, contributing to urban growth.

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Q: How do presence of surplus food cause the growth of early cities?
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