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Sacrificial metals work in accordance with the "galvanic series" - the potential for current flow from one metal to another. If you put two metals in an electrolyte, of which seawater is a good one, the less noble or "more anodic" metal will corrode and save the more noble or "more cathodic" metal from corroding. Zinc, being both highly anodic and very cheap to purchase, is the standard sacrificial anode on ships.

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Q: How do sacrificial metals protect ship's hulls?
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