Mutations can arise from the following:
Substitution- one base is inserted for another.
Deletion- a base is removed, which causes a frame shift drastically changing the codon sequence.
Insertion- a base is added to the sequence, which also causes a frame shift.
Translocation-group of bases are moved some place else in the genome. This results with altered function.
Tansposable elements- genes move from one location in the genome to another. This may happen in coding or non-coding regions.
Inversion- a segment of chromosome is reversed in its orientation and has significant effect on gene expression
Random and naturally.
Mutations that occur at random are called spontaneous mutations.
Mutations which are artifically induced with the help of mutagenic agents are called induced mutations
Mutations can occur in gene processing errors.
Mutations that occur at one single nitrogen base are referred to as a point mutation.
The reaction is spontaneous.
Mutations that occur at random are called spontaneous mutations.
Mutations which are artifically induced with the help of mutagenic agents are called induced mutations
in the nucleus
Mutations that occur at a single point in the DNA sequence are Point Mutations.
In genetics, a mutagen (Latin, literally origin of change) is a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material, usually DNA, of an organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations cause cancer, mutagens are therefore also likely to be carcinogens. Not all mutations are caused by mutagens: so-called "spontaneous mutations" occur due to spontaneous hydrolysis, errors in DNA replication, repair and recombination. This is from wiki hope it helps
Interphase
Yes. Bacteria cells reproduce by a process called binary fission. The daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (unless spontaneous mutations occur during division).
Such mutations are called point mutation or gene mutation.
Mutations happen in ALL living things (and also in viruses)!!!!!!
Successful mutations will persist. Mutations usually occur during replication. Some mutations will flourish depending on environmental factors.
Mutations that occur in DNA
Gametic mutations occur in the cells of the gonads (which produce sperm and eggs) and may be inherited. There are two types of mutations that can occur in gamete cells: 1. Gene Mutations 2. Chromosomal Mutations