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Temperature and salinity drive ocean circulation by altering seawater density. Warm, fresh water is significantly less dense than cold salty water and will therefore rise to the top in the ocean. Any process that alters temperature or salinity (such as rain, sea ice formation or seasonal variation) will change the density of the water and allow it to move in the water column, causing circulation of water on a global scale. This is known as thermohaline circulation. Because things such as rainfall and temperature tend to be relatively constant in a given area over a long period of time, a set current of water known as the global conveyor belt has arisen. It plays an incredibly important role in heat transfer over the earth.

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Q: How do temperature and salinity drive ocean current convection and what is the type of ocean current called?
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