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Lower courts do not department from precedents, they must follow the rulings of higher courts. Lateral courts have precedent that is not binding and does not have to be followed.
Precedents
Yes, if appropriate precedents exist for the case before the court. The US Supreme Court sets binding precedents, meaning lower courts are required to adhere to them (but don't always do so) under the doctrine of stare decisis (Latin: Let the decision stand).
It has original jurisdiction over, and therefore the power to resolve, disputes between states. -Apex
Not directly. The US Supreme Court is the highest federal appellate court in the United States. Lower courts are supposed to follow precedents set by the Court's decisions, but the Supreme Court doesn't exercise operational control over the lower courts.
There is no court that supervises all other courts. You may be confusing supervision with the lower courts' obligation to uphold precedents set by the US Supreme Court. The Supreme Court doesn't "supervise" them, however.
They are called precedents. If the decision was made by a court with jurisdiction over a lower court, they are called binding precedents because the lower court is required to apply the same reasoning in similar cases under the doctrine of stare decisis.
It determines whether any actions by the executive and legislative branches are unconstitutional
The doctrine of stare decisis binds judges to follow precedents set by higher appellate courts under which jurisdiction the particular lower court falls.For example, in the federal court system US Supreme Court decisions create binding precedents for all US District Courts and US Court of Appeals Circuit Courts; however, Circuit Court decisions only set binding precedents for the US District Courts within their territorial jurisdiction.The exception to this is decisions of the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, which has nationwide jurisdiction (below that of the Supreme Court) over special subject-matter cases.
Congress has power over the courts because it makes the laws which it must use to try a case. If the court finds the law unconstitutional, they can overturn it.
US Supreme Court opinions (decisions) set binding precedents because all lower courts are required to follow the same reasoning when deciding similar cases under the doctrine of stare decisis (Latin: Let the decision stand).
In the United States the lower courts are trial courts: the courts that first hear or try cases both civil and criminal. The decisions in lower courts can be appealed to higher courts.