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Severe bleeding is a life threatening condition, whereas minor bleeding is important to control but not life threatening.
The simplest, most effective treatment to stop bleeding is to apply firm, direct pressure to the wound. Put non-stick gauze over the wound, and use your (gloved) hand to press down firmly but not too hard that you damage any internal complications.
Most wounds will stop bleeding within a couple of minutes of applying direct pressure. If, however, the bleeding is not slowing or stopping, and the wound is on an extremity, it may be necessary to apply indirect pressure along with the direct pressure.
Note 1: Indirect pressure is always applied simultaneously with direct pressure, never on its own.
Note 2: If the wound requires indirect pressure, the patient will definitely require an ambulance.
If the bleeding is very severe, the pressure of the rushing blood may hinder the body's ability to clot, and as such indirect pressure may be necessary.
If the wound is on the hand or arm (distal to the bicep), you can use the brachial artery pressure point to cut off the blood supply to the limb. Your partner should be checking the patient's radial pulse, so they can tell you when you have successfully cut off the blood supply. Using your index and middle fingers together, push underneath the bicep from the medial side and slightly upward. You should feel the brachial pulse. Push the brachial artery against the humerus to cut off the blood supply, and ensure your partner can no longer feel a radial pulse. Release (slowly) the indirect pressure at least every 15 minutes. Keep released for 30 seconds before reapplying.
If the wound is on the leg or foot, the same principle applies, except that your partner checks the piedal pulse, and you cut off the femoral artery by holding your fingers out straight, and pushing the blade of your hand down on to the proximal anterior part of the leg, adjacent to the groin. Push down with your other hand on top to increase pressure.
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