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In order to build stairs the materials needed would be

  • Framing square
  • Nails or screws
  • Circular saw
  • Hand saw
  • 2 x 6 lumber
  • 2 x12 stringer
  • Joist hangers
  • Masking tape
  • Tape measure

First you have to be familar with the 3 parts of stairs and its basic terminologies.

Stringer is a part of the structure which supports the stairs. There is at least 2 stringer on each side of the stairway.

Riser is the height of the stair and the vertical portion between steps.

Thread, which is the width of the stair and the part of the stair which is actually stepped on.

Total rise - the stair's vertical height from the landing to a location level with the height of the upper floor.

Total Run is the horizontal length of the stairway which is the edge of the staircase on the landing to the edge of the upper floor.

Next, design and measure your stairs.

Compute the total rise and you need to set a 2 x 4 on the deck or floor. Also ensure that it is level with a carpenter's level.

Decide the number of steps by dividing the total rise by 7.25. This value is widely accepted as a standard riser height. Round off the answer to get the number of steps.

Start computing the total run and avoid including the deck or the floor in your count. Therefore, if you have 9 risers, it means you will only need 8 threads.

Decide the height of each riser and then divide the total rise by the number of risers.

Lay out the stairs.

Lay out your stairs on the 2 x 12 stringers with a framing square. Mark the long arm and the shorter arm with a piece of masking tape. These will serve as your rise and run values.

Now, set the long end of the framing square to the direction of the end of the board and then align together the two marks and set the end of the board facing towards you. Draw the outline of the square.

Guide the framing square to the top mark and straighten the markings and start to mark the spot. Continue along the entire length of the stringer.

Next, cut the stringers.

Cut along the marked lines with a circular saw. Finish the cut with a hand saw.

Test for the accuracy of your measurements and calculations by test-fitting the first stringer. After that, use it as a template for marking the other stringers.

Then, assemble the stairs.

Join the stringers to the deck with joist hangers attached to the framing.

Set in the threads starting from the bottom. Use 3-inch nails or screws to secure them in place.

Rise, wash and repeat the procedure.

Hope this helps.

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Q: How do you build stairs?
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