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A noun is a word for a person, a place, or a thing.

An adjective is a word used to describe a noun.

A basic sentence is made up of a subject (a noun or pronoun) and a verb (an action or a state of being). A sentence must have a verb. Examples:

The girl sings. (subject noun 'girl', verb 'sings')

The little girl sings. (adjective 'little' describes the noun 'girl')

A sentence can be simple or complex. In a complex sentence, a noun functions as the subject of the sentence or a clause, and as an object as the direct object or indirect object of the verb; and the object of a preposition. Examples:

I heard a girl singing. (the noun 'girl' is subject of the clause; the clause 'a girl singing' is the direct object of the verb 'heard')

We saw the little girl. (the noun 'girl' is the direct object of the verb 'saw', described by the adjective 'little')

I gave the little girl a book. (the direct object of the verb 'gave' is the noun 'book'; the indirect object of the verb is the noun 'girl')

The book was for a little girl. (the noun 'girl' is the object of the preposition 'for')

A noun can also function as an adjective to describe a noun. This function is called an attributive noun (also called a noun adjunct). Example:

I gave the little girl a story book. (the noun 'story' describes the noun 'book')

A noun and an adjective can also function as subject complements.

Subject complements are:

A predicate nominative is a noun following a linking verb that restates or stands for the subject.

A predicate adjective is the adjective following a linking verb which modifies (describes) the subject of the sentence.

The girl was a child. (the noun 'child' restates the subject noun 'girl')

The little girl was happy. (the adjective 'happy' is the predicate adjective describing the subject noun 'girl')

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Q: How do you construct sentences with noun and adjective?
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