An IP address comes in two formats: ipV4 and ipV6. In IpV4 32 bits are allocated to the IP address. In IpV6, 128 bits are allocated to the address. This is done by the protocol and is a standard for developing an IP address.
The maximum number of host bits that can be borrowed from a class A address is 22 (technically you could borrow 23 but the resulting network would be useless). A class A address uses 8 bits for its network address and 24 bits for its host addresses. Class A uses a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 You can only borrow 22 bits (instead of 24) because a valid network requires 4 addresses: A network address, two host addresses and a broadcast address. These networks would result in 30 bits used for the network address and 2 bits used for the host addresses. These networks use a subnet mask of 255.255.255.252
Thirty bits make up the network portion of a class C address. Three bits are borrowed for the subnet mask. There is also a class A and a class B that are comprised of bits.
When we express an IPv4 network address, we add a prefix length to the network address. The prefix length is the number of bits in the address that gives us the network portion. For example, in 172.16.4.0 /24, the /24 is the prefix length - it tells us that the first 24 bits are the network address. This leaves the remaining 8 bits, the last octet, as the host portion.
It depends on the book, but is usually known as the extended network prefix.
The network part of an IP address indicates the network to which the host belongs. The host bits or host part of an IP address points to the actual device that has an IP address on the network. It can be a computer, printer, router or any device with an IP address that has the same network part.
class A
the 1 bits
Subnet Mask
When people refer to internet address they mean IP address. This is an address composed of 4 sections separated by periods. There is a associated network mask. The Network mask tells you which of the bits of the IP address refer to the Network, and so which bits refer to the device. Example 192.168.100.0 with a mask of 255.255.255.0 means that only the 4th part is the device address whereas 192.168.100 is the network. This is a class C address which can have 254 devices. It follows that if you don't know the network mask you can't say which part of the IP address is the network!
This assumes you know how to subnet. On a network with 190.254.0.0 as a host address and using 11 bits for the subnet mask. The network address is 190.224.0.0 and the end of the range is 190.255.255.224. The address you show is within this range so cannot be the network address. If you don't know how to work this out manually use a subnet calculator such as the one on this URL: http://www.boson.com/FreeUtilities.html
IP Address ClassTotal # Of Bits For Network ID / Host IDFirst Octet of IP Address# Of Network ID Bits Used To Identify ClassUsable # Of Network ID BitsNumber of Possible Network IDs# Of Host IDs Per Network IDClass A8 / 240xxx xxxx18-1 = 727-2 = 126224-2 = 16,277,214Class B16 / 1610xx xxxx216-2 = 14214 = 16,384216-2 = 65,534Class C24 / 8110x xxxx324-3 = 21221 = 2,097,15228-2 =
A network ID refers to a part of a TCP/IP address that is used to identify the subnet that a host may be on. The subnet that the computer is on is determined by the netmask and IP address of the computer. This subnet address is the same as the network ID and is the beginning part of the computers IP address. When the netmask is setup, it is a number where some of the most significant bits have a 1's value and the rest have values of 0. The most significant part of the netmask with bits set to 1's specifies the network address, and the lower part of the address will specify the host address. The part of the IP address that matches the part of the netmask where the bits are set to ones determines the network ID.