You go to minecraftserverlist.com
There are many, many thousands. You can go on websites such as Planet Minecraft or Minecraft Server List to find some that you would like.
To find good Minecraft servers check out "Planet Minecraft" is you look under "Servers" you can hit "Top rated!" for the best of the best. But I personally recommend PabiCarft. It is the only server I ever play on. The ip is: pabicraft.no-ip.orgAnd its website is: pabicraft.enjin.com
IP: Flowcraft.net
Check on websites such as planet minecraft or other sources to find the latest survival servers that have been pinged and work.
Some servers have a rank system that allows you to go up the ranks. You can find out how to get promoted by seeing a server moderator or look on the servers website.
You need to google it there are thousands of servers.
IP to the question is:badcheese.com:25565
There are not many Beta servers up at the moment, but the ones that are can be found with Google. engamma.dyndns.org
you can google 'minecraft server lists' and it should come up with some good servers. I've put two servers lists I use in the related links
Fish server
I wouldn't, as some servers say that they will ban you if you use cheats.