Have your divorce attorney file a motion with the custody judge. You'll need a good reason, though. Fear of flight, fear for the child's safety, travel to country's that favor one parent's rights over the other (like Saudi Arabia, for example, which would favor the father's rights above all).
No. Only in Utah is his consent not needed, just a notification.
THE ANWSER NO WAY
If there is a custody agreement in place through the courts, the mother cannot take the child out of state without the fathers consent. If there is no agreement in place, the mother does not have to have the fathers consent.
A mother cannot move a child across the country without a father's consent. However, if it is spelled out in separation or divorce papers, she can.
You indicate they have "Contact", but what is the status of Custody? If the Father has visitation, partial or shared custody, legal& or physical....No, you cannot change the Surname of the child without the Fathers explicit consent!!
IF THE MOTHER HAS SOLE CUSTODY
Yes; however, doing so does not establish paternity.
Yes, but only if the birth father's parental rights have been terminated by the courts.
If there are court orders regarding visitation and child support and custody, you will need his and the courts consent. The court orders have to be followed.See related question link.
Yes, in the United States of America, a parent may not force their child to get a cosmetic accessory without reason or without the child's consent. This is written in. Code 509.91 Subsection 21.2 of U.S. Law.
In the US, the parent[s] can give the child any name they choose. However, doing so does not establish paternity.
Each state have their own laws regarding marriage. In most states you have to be 18 to be able to do it without parental consent. With parental consent you can marry at 15 or 16 depending on the state and in some states you can marry at 15 without parental consent if you are pregnant or have a child.