Use a DPST - A two pole switch.
If you mean 110/240, yes, but there may be a hidden switch to switch it to 240 volt mode. Check the manual.
No, unless the motor was wound for dual voltage operation, which it will state on the motor nameplate, a 110 volt motor run on 240 volts will be damaged.
No, the voltage rating of the switch is too low.
If you mean a dual voltage motor 120/240 then yes these will operate on a 240 volt home distribution system.
It could if you don't get the terminals and motor wires on the correct terminals.
Unless the switch has a pilot light on it there is need for a neutral connection to the switch.
No. Not safe to do so. The distances between contacts may not be sufficient.
No, but if you ever switch to an electric stove you will have problems getting a 240 volt circuit to that location. I would go ahead and install a 240 volt outlet at that location if this is new construction. Costs very little and you will be all set for the future.
A 10 amp switch connected to a 240 volt circuit can carry up to 2400 watts (10 amps x 240 volts = 2400 watts). It's important to ensure that the switch is rated for the anticipated load to prevent overheating or failure.
No. To prevent this sort of thing from happening, the 277 volt device and receptacle is physically larger that a 240 volt receptacle and will not fit in a regular receptacle junction box. For a 277 volt system the proper size junction boxes have to be purchased.
You should not go above 240 volts for that type of motor.
Power = Amperes x Voltage