it is read in tenths of a foot, engineers scale
when the bubble in the center is centered its level
leveling and traversing
mainu ki pata es da ans
Leveling in surveying is important to get an accurate measurement. The rise and fall of the grade will cause the measurements to be off, resulting in an inaccurate measurement of plots of land.
Surveying measures angles and distances, usually in three dimensions. Leveling only meaures the elevation change between two or more points. One of the crudest leveling instruments is simply a hose filled with water. If the two ends of the hose are held at the same height, no water flows out. If one end is lower, the water flows out that end.
When surveying using a "level" instrument , the "level" instrument is set-up and adjusted to level by adjusting the screws. When surveying you have an instrument person and a rod person. When trying to find the height of the instrument, the rod person places there rod over a "known" elevation, either a benchmark or a temporary benchmark that has a known elevation. To get the height of the instrument, you need to "shoot" the level to the rod person holding the rod on the known elevation, this is called the "Backsight". This elevation will be read by the instrument person, and recorded in the survey field book. This value backsight elevation will then be added to the known elevation of the benchmark or the temporary benchmark, to get the height of instrument. HI = known elevation + BS Height
The purpose of leveling in surveying is to establish a horizontal line of sight along a route or area to determine elevations and differences in height. It is crucial for creating accurate topographic maps, assessing slope gradients, and ensuring proper construction of infrastructure.
Johan Albert Muller has written: 'Landmeten en waterpassen' -- subject(s): Leveling, Surveying
Fly leveling is a leveling that is done to connect benchmark to the starting point of the survey line. In this leveling only back sight and fore sight readings are taken and auto level is moved strictly on the line joining benchmark and starting point of survey line.
Peter Schuyler Bruff has written: 'A treatise on engineering field-work' -- subject(s): Leveling, Surveying
Elevation of point + whatever reading from Meter Rod= HI
The main objects of surveying are to determine the relative positions of points on the Earth's surface and to measure distances, angles, and elevations accurately. The basic principles of surveying involve understanding and applying concepts like accuracy, precision, measurements of distances and angles, leveling, and use of surveying instruments to gather data for mapping and construction projects. It is essential to follow standardized procedures and techniques to ensure reliable and consistent results in surveying work.