It depends on the encoding but if we assume standard ASCII encodings, the representation is the same for all systems, the only difference being the number of leading 0 bits per character.
7-bit ASCII (ISO/IEC 646):
1100100 1100001 1100100 1100100 1111001 0000000
8-bit ASCII (ISO/IEC 8859, Windows-1252 and UTF8):
01100100 01100001 01100100 01100100 01111001 00000000
UTF16:
00000000 01100100 00000000 01100001 00000000 01100100
00000000 01100100 00000000 01111001 00000000 00000000
To perform these conversions, convert each character to its ASCII representation (in decimal):
d = 100
a = 97
d = 100
d = 100
y = 121
For completeness, we should also include the null-terminator, character code 0.
null = 0
Now convert each decimal value to its 8-bit representation in hexadecimal:
100 = 0x64
97 = 0x61
100 = 0x64
100 = 0x64
121 = 0x79
0 = 0x00
Convert each hexadecimal digit to its 4-bit binary representation:
0x6 = 0110
0x4 = 0100
0x6 = 0110
0x1 = 0001
0x6 = 0110
0x4 = 0100
0x6 = 0110
0x4 = 0100
0x7 = 0111
0x9 = 1001
0x0 = 0000
0x0 = 0000
Place the binary codes in sequence.
"daddy" = 01100100 01100001 01100100 01100100 01111001 00000000
Finally, add or remove leading zero bits to suit the actual encoding.
There is not just one "binary code"; there are different ways to encode characters. So, the answer might depend on whether you use ASCII, EBCDIC, UTF-8, etc.
0100110101100001011100110110111101101110
That depends on your string encoding. In ascii, for example: H = 72 = 1001000 i = 105 = 1101001
00110101 is the binary code for 53
356 in binary is101100100
Decimal 30 = binary 11110. The decimal binary code (BCD), however, is 11 0000.
Say
110001010110000100100
0100110101100001011100110110111101101110
01
01
Thompson (with capital T): 0101010001101000011011110110110101110000011100110110111101101110
01100111 01101111 01101111 01100100 01100010 01111001 01100101 = goodbye in binary
Thompson (with capital T): 0101010001101000011011110110110101110000011100110110111101101110
That IS the binary code.
That depends on your string encoding. In ascii, for example: H = 72 = 1001000 i = 105 = 1101001
00100001 is the binary code for 33
00110101 is the binary code for 53