You can type in smb//192.168.1.1/ into a file manager window (put the windows computers IP address in there though)
Using Samba Service
If you want to share files with other linux computer use NFS. If you want to share files with windows computer use SAMBA.
I'm not sure what you mean by "directly." Data can be transferred between the two through many protocols. Most networking protocols are platform-agnostic, meaning they can be sent and received on any network-capable operating system. If Linux has a Samba client installed, it can access files made available on a Windows share. If Windows has an NFS client installed, it can access Linux / Unix NFS shares.
Samba.
This depends on how you want to "connect" them. If you install and configure Samba on the laptop, it can share files with Windows. If you are not interested in sharing files, but just want to control the laptop from within Windows, install an SSH server on the laptop, and connect to it from Windows using puTTY.
The samba software package implements the netbios protocol which is used by Microsoft Windows Lan Manager under TCP/IP to share files. Samba is open software and available free for non-windows platforms such as linux, unix and OpenVMS. Properly configuring samba makes Unix folders appear as shared folders on a Windows system.
Because Linux evolved from UNIX, but Windows evolved from DOS.
ftp, windows share
Samba server is used fo sharing file and folder and directories over the network ,whether sharing between windows to Linux or vice versa,same case with the ftp but 1)ftp can provide anonymous access to the clients,that means,there is no need to have users account on ftp server 2)files first need to be downloaded from windows or Linux before viewing it,in case of samba we can direct share files. 3)in case of samba there is need of samba clients on samba server for accessing files.
Windows Share Point
If you mean what is the purpose of sharing a printer via Samba on Linux, the answer is the same as why you would share a printer between Windows machines. To make the printer accessible to other users on the network.
Linux *is* an operating system. So it's not meant to be compatible with a specific operating system. However, it can interoperate with other systems, which means that it can provide its own implementations of another operating systems features to make sure the user is able to use Linux with the other operating systems. For example, Linux interoperates with Windows by having filesystem drivers to vFat and NTFS, so that it may mount and manipulate Windows filesystems. It also has an open source implementation of SMB (Windows Networking.) called Samba, which can even share printers and files with Windows machines.
That's not really possible to predict based on current data. While Linux usage is increasing, it is not at a rate that directly affects Windows' market share.