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The Roman Empire was never split. Eastern and Western Roman Empire are terms which have been invented by historians. The Romans had only one term: Roman Empire.

Diocletian created a co-emperorship with himself in charge of the eastern part and his fellow general Maximian in charge of the western part. He also established Milan as the imperial capital in the west and Nicomedia, in northwestern Turkey, as the imperial capital in the east (Constantine I then moved this capital to the nearby Constantinople). He did this to share the responsibility of defending the vast frontiers of the empire which were under constant attack at very distant points and improve the efficiency of this defence. The new imperial capitals were closer to the frontiers than Rome. Diocletian stressed that the empire was indivisible.

What Diocletian did was not totally new. There had already been periods of co-emperorship previously. There had been emperors who had shared the title with their sons, with one taking charge of the east and the other in charge of the west. The purpose of this was the same: improving the defence of the frontiers. Diocletian added new imperial capitals

After Diocletian there were alternations of periods of co-emperorships and periods with a sole emperor. The latter shows clearly that the empire was not split.

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11y ago
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8y ago

The Roman Empire was not split. The emperor Diocletian created the tetrarchy (rule by four) whereby the empire was ruled by two senior emperors and two junior emperors. He subdivided the empire into four main administrative units: the praetorian prefectures. Each of them was headed by one of the four emperors. They were: Oriens (Egypt, the territories in Asia and Thrace, the south-eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula close to today's Turkey). Illyria (the Balkan Peninsula except fro Thrace). Italia et Africa (Italy, western Libya, Tunisia and eastern Algeria) and Galliae (Gaul, Britannia, Hispania and Mauritiania - northern Morocco and western Algeria). The empire also had four capitals: Nocomedia, Sirmium, Mediolanum and Augusta Trevorum. Besides the praetorian prefectures there were the provinces (Diocletian doubled their numeber to over 100) which were grouped into twelve dioceses. Diocletian stressed that there was only one and indivisible Roman Empire. Soon after his abdication the tetrarchy fell apart.

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11y ago

The Roman Empire was so huge, it would have collapsed on its own! Splitting it up into two parts helped make it easier to govern.

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11y ago

It didn't, it only lasted 200 years longer.

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Q: How do you think splitting the empire into two parts helped it survive another 200 years?
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