How do your eyes see colors?

Answer 1

There are photocells in your retina called rods and cones. Cones are divided into three categories, red, blue and green which all have different pigments (pigments are a type of molecule that absorb light). Green cones absorb green light, blue absorb blue. When light is absorbed it transfers energy which causes the pigment to break down. When red light hits your retina the pigment in the red cones breaks down. This sends an electrical pulse to the nerve connected to those photocells. The nerve carries the signal to the brain where the impulse is translated.

The rods are not involved in colour vision but can operate at much lower light intensities than cones, but they can only see in black and white. Rods are what you use for seeing when it is very dark.

Answer 2

When light strikes a surface ,it changes it's frequency and when the light is reflected from that surface to human eyes ,the rod cells and cone cells inside which rodopsin and eyedopsin is present ,get certan signal from that light according to which our brain interprets different colors.