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I assume you mean - 'Why does a circuit fail to work if the operating voltage is too high or too low?' A certain specific voltage is needed to overcome the natural resistance in circuit components. For instance in simple transistors, this is 0.7V to get the transistor to switch on and 1.4V is lost across the switched junction. This is why may circuits operate at above 3V. The rest of the circuit is designed to operate at the specified voltage and if you go too high, too much current will flow through the circuit and it will fail in the same way a fuse will blow if too much current is passed through it.

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Q: How does High and Low voltage cut out circuit works if voltage varies?
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