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There is an internal mechanical trigger within the breaker. This trigger requires very little force in order to trip the breaker.

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There is also a spring loaded electromagnetic solenoid that is wired to the line side of the breaker, when incoming power is present the solenoid is retracted.

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When line power is too low, or absent the spring loaded solenoid releases and strikes the mechanical trigger, this in turn trips the breaker.

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Oddly enough, the voltage sensing is generally across only two of three phases on a three phase breaker, so there is the possibility of a single phase condition, if the unmonitored phase is lost.

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One reason why Under Voltage breakers are used is to keep machinery from starting automatically when incoming power is restored after a power outage or after a significant drop in line voltage.

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Q: How does Under voltage coil in breaker works?
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