How does an airplane takeoff and land?

Answer 1

The pilot first needs to check with the tower for clearance for takeoff, because it's never good to have a collision with an airplane that is landing and one that is taking off, or even have a mid-air collision with an aircraft on the approach and the other one leaving. When the pilot's given clearance, the airplane cruises from the tarmac tot he run way, and begins revving up the engines with the throttle so that it enables the aircraft to run down the runway. When the engine speed is fast enough, and the airplane is nearing the end of the runway, the stick is pulled back at an even speed (not fast and jerky otherwise the airplane will stall on too steep of a climb), and the flaps on the leading edge of the wings move down, creating lift which encourages the nose to go up, and the wheels of the airplane to leave the runway. Once the airplane is high enough off the ground (by at least 1 000 feet) the wheels, if possible, are retracted into the fuselage (body) of the airplane, and the airplane continues on its journey.

To land, the airplane has to lose speed on the approach, and the pilot has to aim the nose to the runway he/she wants to land on, according to what the control tower tells him/her and the wind speed and direction. The airplane decreases in elevation as it approaches the runway. In order to help with this decrease in speed and approach, the nose of the airplane is pointed up slightly, at about a 1 to 5 degree angle in relation to the level of the runway. This is helped by keeping the stick pulled back slightly, and throttling down. When you throttle down, the engine speed (rpm) decreases, which helps in decreasing thrust and lift, which enables the airplane to leave the air and land. When the pilot feels the back wheels of the airplane touch the runway, he slowly and evenly noses the nose of the airplane down until he can feel the front wheel touch the runway. He throttles down so that the airplane is at an engine speed that allows the airplane to cruise slowly across the runway and pull onto the tarmac.