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This can be done in several ways. First, questions about health history are usually asked on applications for insurance, so it can be determined that way.

Thereafter, if a claim is submitted, the insurer often requests medical records to back up the claim. Diagnosis codes, medical history (self-reported and otherwise), and other aspects of the records may give the underwriter or adjuster reason to believe that there is a pre-existing condition. Whether there is or not can be a difficult call to make, dependent upon policy definitions, medical records, and explanations given by treating physicians and the insured.

Pre-existing condition denials of claims often provide fertile ground for coverage disputes.

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Q: How does an insurer determine a pre-existing condition?
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Can A payer can cancel a patient policy or deny payment on a claim if the patient failed to disclose a preexisting condition?

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