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They dissolve in water because the attractive forces (ion-dipole interaction) that are formed between the ions and the polar water molecules release energy which compensate for the energy required when the ions get separated.
The formation of solutions is an important part of chemical energetics which is a chapter in physical chemistry.
Normally, an ionic compound dissolves if the process is exothermic, that is, if energy is released from the process. This energy is known as DHsolution
When an ionic compound dissolves, two processes are involved:
The first is the separation of the ions to the gaseous state, and this is normally referred to as 'negative of lattice energy' ( -DHlattice)
In equations, this is stated as: K+Cl-(s) gives K+(g) + Cl-(g)
The second process is the hydration of the ions. Using equations, this is stated as:
K+(g) + Cl-(g) gives K+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Now, DHsolution = DHhydration - DHlattice
For most ionic compounds (and for KCl), magnitude DHhydration is greater than the magnitude of DHlattice giving an overall negative value for DHsolution (Note that DHlattice is negative as well as DHhydration). Thus, the ionic compound will dissolve.
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Is a substance does not dissolve in water is it a ionic polar or nonpolor?
Like dissolve likes, therefore since water is polar and it does not dissolve, the substance is nonpolar.
What type of solvent is best suited to dissolve ionic or highly polar substance?
The type of solvent that is best suited to dissolve an ionic or a highly polar solvent would also be highly polar, probably a polar protic solvent like water or alcohol.
Explain the statement like dissolves like?
Like dissolves like meaning that a polar substance will dissolve a polar substance and nonpolar substance will dissolve other polar substances. By contrast nonpolar and polar substances will not dissolve one another.
What happens when mix water with ionic solution?
Most ionic substances dissolve in water. You would need to consult a solubility table because there are exceptions and partial solubilities to deal with, but in general they will dissolve. This is because water is a polar substance, meaning the water molecule has a positive end and negative end (due to unshared electrons). Ionic substances are polar as well, since they're composed of positive and negative ions. In chemistry, the old adage "like dissolves like" applies here.
Which substances dissolves in water?
like dissolves like..water is polar so polar or ionic substances will dissolve in water
What things dissolves in water?
Polar molecules like sugar and ionic substances like salt will dissolve in water.
What does solubility mean and what is a solution?
Solubility is how much of a substance will dissolve in a given solvent. The rule for solubility is "like dissolves like". So polar substances, like ionic compounds, will dissolve in polar solvents, like water. Non-polar substances, like organics, will dissolve in more non-polar organic solvents, like acetone, ethanol, benzene, etc.
Why is water an excellent solvent for most ionic and polar covalent compounds but not for non polar compound?
Not all ionic salts dissolve in water, just most of them. Anyways, most molecular substances don't dissolve in water because they are more stable not dissolved. This is partly due to the fact that covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds. An example of a non-polar substances that can dissolve in water is diatomic fluorine, which when bubbled into water will dissolve.
Oil and water don't mix?
Oil and water do not mix because the triglyceride bonds have a hydrophobic (meaning does not like water) ends and therefore it will not react (or mix) with water. Water and oil don't mix because water is a polar substance and oil is nonpolar. Polar substances will only dissolve other polar substances or ionic substances, but will not dissolve nonpolar substances. Remember "Like dissolves like."
Do giant covalent substance dissolve in water?
No, they don't. As giant covalent substances are non-polar, means having no dipole moment. Only polar or substances having charges like ionic compounds are soluble in water.
Does water dissolve most things?
Yes. Water is known as a very good solvent mostly because of its ionic structure. Mostly water dissolves ionic compounds because of the like dissolves like.
What is waters role in blood to do with polar and ionic substances?
Water is a dipolar molecule, as the hydrogen molecules have a slight positive charge and vice versa for oxygen, this means that polar and ionic substances (which also have charges) attract the hydrogen or oxygen molecules and form a bond with them. When many many water molecules surround one atom of the substance they break the bonds in the substance causing the substance to dissolve, this happens to substances like glucose. This therefore means that polar and ionic substances can dissolve into the blood plasma which is largely composed of water and be transported all around the body in the blood stream.
