Either through the umbilical cord (in the case of a pregnant woman) or by passive smoking.
Nicotine gets into the mothers blood stream which then flows into the baby's blood stream.
umbilical cord
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that can cause anemia or hydrops (in a fetus). Nicotine can not be detected through this blood test, because that is not what the doctor is testing for.
Nicotine constricts blood vessels and thus reduces blood flow with oxygen and nutrients to placenta and fetus.
Only if there is a tear however small. Sometimes this can happen at birth.
Cigarettes are harmful to the development of a fetus, because they create a degree of carbon monoxide poisoning in the mother, which reduces available oxygen to both mother and fetus, and because nicotine is also a vaso-constrictor, making blood vessels contract, thereby reducing blood flow to the fetus.
Not likely.
Through the blood system
umbilical cord
They are transported from the placenta through the umbilical cord to the fetus. The baby takes nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood, which travel's through the umbilical cord to the baby
Nutrients and other needed materials diffuse from the mother's blood through the placenta which connects the fetus the the uterus lining.
The lungs of the mother breath in the air. The lungs put the oxygen in the red blood cells. The blood flows through the walls of the uterus and through the umbilical cord into the blood stream of the fetus. The venus blood supply returns through a vein in the cord back into the mother and the lungs and the cycle repeats until the cord is cut.
The fetus is connected to its mother by an umbilical cord. The mother's blood carries nutrients through the umbilical cord to the fetus and carries away wastes from the fetus.
Baby gets food and oxygen through the umbilical cord. This umbilical cord is attached to the placenta. This placenta is attached to the uterus. In the placenta blood of the mother comes close to the blood of the fetus. There is transfer of food and oxygen to the blood of fetus from the blood of mother. Carbon bi oxide and waste products of metabolism are transferred to the blood of mother from the blood of fetus.