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Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, it has two charge centres. The oxygen is more electronegative than the hydrogen so it is more negative than the hydrogen. Water is a good solvent to support any solute that has positive and negative charged areas. Salts by definition are ionic - positive and negative ions. Sodium chloride, NaCl is common table salt consisting of positive Na+ ion and negative Cl- ion. Water will be able to dissolve it. Sugar is a bit more complicated. It has many oxygen to hydrogen bonds exactly like water. These oxygen to hydrogen bonds form a positive hydrogen end and a negative oxygen end just like water. Therefore, sugar dissolves well in water due to the similarity of polar bonds.

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Q: How does polarity help water dissolve sugar and salt?
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