The complete text of the 8th Amendment to the US Constitution follows: EIGHTH AMENDMENT - 'Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.' Based on the wording of the amendment I don't understand what the questioner is asking. The provisions of the amendment apply to ALL persons criminally charged without specifically excluding (or including) any particular class of persons.
About 6-7.5 million mentally retarded individuals live in the United States alone.
Most states would consider that to be mentally challenged.
Sheldon Starr has written Public institutions for the mentally retarded; and Surgical and nonsurgical procedures in short-stay hospitals, United States, 1983.
Protect the sovereignty of individual states (A+)
It guarantees people of all races and colors the right to vote in the United States. At the time of its ratification it would have been primarily to insure the rights of Blacks (African-Americans) to participate in the government of the United States. This Amendment does not protect the right for a women, of any race or color, to vote in the United States (19th Amendment).
The fifth amendment protects all Americans from illegal searches and seizures.
The Tenth Amendment to the Constitution was included to address concerns that the powers not delegated to the federal government would be reserved to the states and the people. It aimed to protect the authority of the states by explicitly stating that any powers not given to the federal government are retained by the states or the people.
The 14th amendment was created during the Reconstruction Era of the United States. The amendment was meant to protect US citizenship rights as well as enforce equal protection of laws. By nature, segregation of race in schools violated this amendment.
The Anti-Federalists wanted to protect citizens and the states against federal power.
The Anti-Federalists wanted to protect citizens and the states against federal power.
34 states to propose an amendment
The intent of the authors was to codify the right to a jury trial in certain civic trials. This amendment was not extended to states by the supreme court in the 14th amendment, unlike most components of the Bill of Rights. :Edit by Perfectmew: This amendment gives citizens the right to protect their items and properties.