How does the energy system respond to exercise?

Answer 1

the human body is an acid producing machine and excersise increases the energy utilsation as well as oxygen utilisation by a number of ways:

firstly the excersising muscle produce lactic acid(via anerobic glycolysis) and also the carbon skeletons of amino acids carbs and fats are broken down to produse co2+h20.the lactic acid produced goes to the liver and gets converted back to glucose and comes back to muscle(cori's cycle) and also the lactic acid along with c02 is responsible for devolopment of acidosis locally within the muscle .this acidosis is responsible for detachment of more 02 molecules at the muscle level.

also this c02 and lactic acid are responsible for production of metabolic acidosis.the major contribution to devolopment of metabolic acidosis is c02(co2+h20--->h2c03--->h+ and hc03-).this reaction happens both in general ciculation and inside the brain.as c02 is a gas it can cross the blood brain barrier and gives rise to h+ ions inside the brain.these h+ ions are the most potent direct stimulators of inspiratory centre and this leads to hyperventilation during excersise.

also during excersise the muscles use up lot of glucose which leads to a decrease in the blood glucose levels.this decrease is sensed by the pancreatic alfa cells(alfa cells contain glut 2).alfa cells respond by releasing glucagon and this glucagon stimulates the liver to do gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis thus bringing back the bllod glucose level to normal.

also during excresise since there is increased breakdown of carbon skeletons of carbs,amino acids and fats and since basically breaking down of these things means breaking the bons present between 2 caron atoms.the energy thus released by this exothermic reaction is captured in the form of atp,gtp,itp,nadh, fadh2(capturing energy means forming of new bonds that can be broken to realease the energy when required). the energy that is left out or that could noe be captured is lost in the form of heat and this is responsible for raised body temperature during excersise for which the body responds by sweatting.

i have mentioned earlier that acidosis stimulates the respiratory center by the production of h+. though h+ is the main factor there is also a considerable role of baro and chemo receptars.these baro and chemo receptars are also responsible for stimulation of vasomotar centre in the medulla that causes tachycardia and release of catecholamines.

just read about baro and chemo receptars and about the role of catecholamines and thyroid hormone in regulationg the energy utilisation by the body.i would love to explain in detail but i got to go.

just remember that human body os an acid producing machine and amost of the energy and 02 regulation is because of that.