At speeds approaching the speed of light, time slows down in two ways, which in actuality are the same way observed from two frames of reference. If you're standing still and something is moving close to the speed of light relative to you, time is slower for it. If you're moving at close to the speed of light and everything else is standing still, time is still slower for everything else. Why? Because if you change reference frames from the objects that are standing still's point of view back to your point of view, then it is no longer you that is traveling close to the speed of light, but is in fact everything else that is.
This effect is called time dilation, and has been experimentally verified time and again. The equation to measure how much slower time passes for different reference frames is actually quite simple:
Δt' = Δt/√[1 - (v2/c2)], where v is the relative speed of what's moving compared to that of a stationary observer, c is the speed of light, Δt is the time elapsed by the observer's watch, and Δt' is the time that has elapsed by the object that is moving's watch.
If you watch a clock that is moving, you seeit run slower than it should.
The faster it moves, the slower you see it running. If it could move at the
speed of light, then you would see it stop.
The important part is that you're watching the clock move, and you see it
running slow. If somebody is traveling along with the clock, then he doesn't
see anything unusual. (Even though you also see his heartbeat slowing down.)
Electromagnetic waves, like light, do involve changes in the electric and the magnetic field. These changes propagate at the speed of light - as a wave.Electromagnetic waves, like light, do involve changes in the electric and the magnetic field. These changes propagate at the speed of light - as a wave.Electromagnetic waves, like light, do involve changes in the electric and the magnetic field. These changes propagate at the speed of light - as a wave.Electromagnetic waves, like light, do involve changes in the electric and the magnetic field. These changes propagate at the speed of light - as a wave.
The constancy of the speed of light in vacuum is the keystone of relativity. Because of this, the frequency/wavelenth of the light changes relative to the observer when the source is approaching or receding from the observer. That's why there is red shift. Usually, this is explained by analogy to the Doppler effect with sound waves, where the speed of sound is constant and the frequency has to changes as the relative motion changes.
Diffraction.
Assuming the speed of light in air is already known (it is close to the speed of light in a vacuum), you might check how the light refracts when it changes from air to water (at what angle), and then use Snell's Law.
Light always travels at the speed of light. The only time that's 299,792,458 meters per second is when the light is in vacuum.
Electromagnetic waves, like light, do involve changes in the electric and the magnetic field. These changes propagate at the speed of light - as a wave.Electromagnetic waves, like light, do involve changes in the electric and the magnetic field. These changes propagate at the speed of light - as a wave.Electromagnetic waves, like light, do involve changes in the electric and the magnetic field. These changes propagate at the speed of light - as a wave.Electromagnetic waves, like light, do involve changes in the electric and the magnetic field. These changes propagate at the speed of light - as a wave.
When light enters a different medium (refracts), its speed changes.
Well... if something changes, it can't be called a constant. And the effects appear not at the speed of light, but when you approach it. What changes is: the time; distances in the direction of travel; the mass of the travelling object.
The speed of light in a vacuum never changes.
light undergoes refraction when the matter changes the speed of light
No.
The constancy of the speed of light in vacuum is the keystone of relativity. Because of this, the frequency/wavelenth of the light changes relative to the observer when the source is approaching or receding from the observer. That's why there is red shift. Usually, this is explained by analogy to the Doppler effect with sound waves, where the speed of sound is constant and the frequency has to changes as the relative motion changes.
the speed never changes
The speed.
The change in speed of light changes the direction.
Diffraction.
The speed of light is the result of the electrostatic and magnetic properties of the medium through which it's traveling. The speed changes only when those properties change.