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How fast does the process of nuclear fusion happen?

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Georgianna Rohan

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Q: How fast does the process of nuclear fusion happen?
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How fast does a nuclear fusion reactor work?

Do you mean how much power does it produce? None are working as yet.


What type of nuclear energy do hydrogen bombs produce?

Fusion. However in standard fusion bombs about 90% of the yield comes from fission of Uranium-238 in the fusion tamper and radiation channel guide from fast 15MeV fusion neutrons.


What is the difference between nuclear decay and nuclear transformation reactions?

nuclear decay rates take more time and chemical reaction rates could happen fast.


What things happen that fast that our eyes can't process it?

cations


A process in which atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes release fast-moving particles and energy?

Nuclear fission


How nuclear decay rates different from chemical reaction rates?

nuclear decay rates take more time and chemical reaction rates could happen fast.


Does nuclear energy take place at high temperatures?

Your question expresses a significant bit of conceptual confusion. Perhaps I can clear up some of this confusion and at the same time answer your question.What we call temperature is simply the manifestation of kinetic energy at the level of the atom (i.e. slow moving atoms = low temperature, fast moving atoms = high temperature). What we call nuclear energy is simply an excess in the nuclear binding energy, which is the energy binding the protons and neutrons together inside the nucleus and is a manifestation of the strong nuclear force and to a lesser extent the weak nuclear force. This movement of atoms has no affect at all on whether there is or is not excess nuclear energy inside atomic nuclei or if that excess nuclear energy is being released or even can be released. Those nuclei having the least nuclear binding energy are the nuclei of the elements from iron through lead, both the elements lighter than iron and the elements heavier than lead have more nuclear binding energy (which can be considered to be excess nuclear binding energy that could potentially be released).There are three processes that can release excess nuclear energy: radioactive decay, nuclear fission, and nuclear fusion. All of these processes transform nuclear energy to kinetic energy at the level of the atom (i.e. temperature aka heat), and thereby convert a small amount of the mass of the atom into energy. Of these three both radioactive decay and nuclear fission can take place at any temperature, even those so cold as to approach absolute zero. Neither radioactive decay nor nuclear fission takes place any faster or slower with a change in temperature. Nuclear fusion though can only take place at very high temperatures (and pressures) as the nuclei must be very close together and moving fast enough to be able to collide and fuse, despite the strong electrostatic repulsion due to both nuclei involved being positively charged. But this is a threshold temperature, even at high temperatures just below the threshold no nuclear fusion can take place at all and once above the threshold and nuclear fusion begins, raising the temperature further has very little affect on the rate at which that nuclear fusion takes place.Nuclear reactors operate using the process of nuclear fission and generate heat by both nuclear fission and radioactive decay. We are not yet able to extract nuclear energy in a controlled manner using the process of nuclear fusion (only explosive release of nuclear energy has ever been successfully done using the process of nuclear fusion).


Is moderation of neutrons always used to slow nuclear fission?

No, moderation of neutrons is not always used to slow nuclear fission. In some types of nuclear reactors, such as fast breeder reactors, fast neutrons are intentionally not moderated to slow down the fission process. These reactors operate using fast neutrons to sustain a chain reaction. However, in most commercial nuclear reactors, moderation of neutrons is employed to slow down the fission process and maintain a controlled chain reaction.


What unlikely fusion takes place in stars that produces carbon?

The triple-alpha process involves the fusion of two helium-4 nuclei to form a beryllium-8 nucleus, which then fuses with another helium-4 nucleus to produce carbon-12. Beryllium-8 is unstable and decays pretty fast. Okay, really fast: the half-life is about 10-17 seconds. The "unlikely" part comes from the fact that the second fusion needs to happen before the beryllium can decay back into two alpha particles. This doesn't happen to any appreciable degree until the temperature hits a hundred million Kelvin or so.


A nova event occurs if what?

A nova event occurs if hydrogen accumulates onto the surface of the star, which ignites and starts nuclear fusion at a very fast rate. It's a cataclysmic nuclear explosion in a white dwarf. This causes an instantaneous lighting up of the star.


What do hydrogen bombs produce energy with?

They use the process of fusion of hydrogen isotopesinitiated by compression and heating using x-rays from the process of fission of plutonium-239 and/or uranium-235.Some hydrogen bomb designs get more energy from the process of fission of uranium-238 in the outer tamper initiated by very fast neutrons from the hydrogen isotope fusion. This fission produced energy can be as high as 90% of the total energy in some designs, as well as 90% of the fallout produced.Such designs are called fission-fusion-fission bombs, due to the 3 processes that happen in sequence to produce the energy that drives the explosion.


How does the sun creates light and heat?

Nuclear power is the only thing that gives life to our sun.Nuclear power can be produced in two ways namely nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.Inatomic power plants nuclear fission is taking place in which uranium-235 atom splits into fast moving lighter elements.But in nuclear fusion energy isnproducednby fusing nuclei like hydrogen to more massive helium.This same thing is happening in our sun.Obviously it is very hard to produce energy through nuclear fusion in our earth as it requires very high temperature and pressure and also the process has to overcome the repulsion between the same positively charged hydrogen atoms.Fusion involves low mass nuclei whose combined mass is more than the resulting fused massive nucleas.The loss of mass in the process is converted to energy according to Einstein's law of conservation of mass.E=ms2.Here m=loss of mass in the process and c=velocity of the light.