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The Black Eye Galaxy [See Link] has a redshift of 0.001361, so it is moving away from us. Currently at 24 million light years from Earth
The galaxy MACS0647-JD is 13.3 billion light-years away from the Earth and was visible to the Hubble Space Telescope.
Our solar system is not far from the end of one of the spiral arms of the Milky Way. Our sun is about 26 or 27 thousand light years from the galactic center, and the galaxy is about 70 to 100 thousand light years across. See link for more information.See link for pictorial representation.
When you see a galaxy that is 8 billion light years away, the light that's dribbling into your eye left that galaxy 8 billion years ago, and has been traveling toward you ever since then. If you just happen to see the galaxy explode or turn blue while you're watching it, you'll know that it actually exploded or turned blue 8 billion years ago. Similarly, if the galaxy explodes or turns green tonight, you won't know about that for another 8 billion years from tonight.
The furthest star would be in the furthest galaxy. [See related question] That is about 12.9 billion light years from us - and probably accelerating away from us. So light would take 12.9 billion years to reach us. This is just the farthest galaxy we know of, considering the universe is bigger than what our cameras can pick up. Considering a common belief is that the universe is infinite.
Yes, it's the most distant dwarf galaxy 13.2 billion light-years from Earth (i.e. PCB2012 3020 in the MACS J1149+2223 galaxy cluster).
Yes, it's the most distant spiral galaxy 10.7 billion light-years from Earth (i.e. BX442 in the Pegasus constellation).
Yes, it's the most distant dwarf galaxy 13.3 billion light-years from Earth (i.e. CZC2013 MACS0647-JD1 in the MACS J0647+7015 galaxy cluster).
Yes, it's the most distant irregular galaxy 13.4 billion light-years from Earth (i.e. GN-z11 in the Ursa Major constellation).
Yes, it's the most distant dwarf galaxy 13.1 billion light-years from Earth (i.e. MDC2010 1721 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field).
Yes, it's the most distant irregular galaxy 12.9 billion light-years from Earth (i.e. OOM2012 GN 108036 in the Ursa Major constellation).
45 billion light years, if you define the size of the visible universe as the present physical distance (in terms of the “co-moving coordinates” which are stationary with respect to the cosmic microwave background) to the farthest things we can see.
The galaxy MACS0647-JD is the furthest star in the gallery that has been viewed from the earth. It is 3.3 billion light-years from Earth.
Yes, it's the most distant spiral galaxy 13 billion light-years from Earth (i.e. SB-WF 1510-1270 in the Hubble Deep Field South).
The UDF 7556 galaxy (one of the galaxies in the HUDF field) is a spiral galaxy 6000 million light-years from Earth in the Fornax constellation, and is 100,000 light-years in diameter, and contains about 100 billion stars.
Yes, it's the most distant lenticular galaxy 13 billion light-years from Earth (i.e. BBG 3179 (a.k.a. HUDF-JD2) in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field).
The NGC 1365 galaxy is a barred spiral galaxy 56 million light-years from Earth in the Fornax constellation, and is 200,000 light-years in diameter, and contains about 400 billion stars.