Metal caskets - or metallic liners inside of wooden casket - can obtain a protective property through an air and watertight sealing mechanism. By that way the remains in the casket are temporarily protected from the elements, especially from ground water and the intrusion of insects. Nowadays, most protective caskets are sealed by a gasket which is placed between the base (or body) of the casket and its lid. The gasket usually consists of an approximately inch wide one piece strip of flexible but resilient rubber-like material which runs along the upper margin of the frame of the casket's base. In a casket with a split lid (half couch casket) an additional gasket between the two halves of the lid is needed for effecting a hermetical seal.
Luxury caskets often have a double lid, sometimes even a triple lid (the innermost being made of glass). In rare cases, caskets are even double walled (triple walled would be absolutely unusual), which means that the outer casket contains a complete inner casket, which can be taken out. Double walled caskets are much more heavy than double lid caskets, of course.
The strength, durability, and longevity of steel caskets depends first of all on the quality and thickness of the metal sheets used. The United States Standard Gauge for the thickness of metal sheets is based on the number of sheets required to total one inch. The gauge number (ga) informs about the thickness of the steel sheets in such a way that the lower the gauge number, the thicker the steel.
The strength, durability, and longevity of steel caskets depends first of all on the quality and thickness of the metal sheets used. The United States Standard Gauge for the thickness of metal sheets is based on the number of sheets required to total one inch. The gauge number (ga) informs about the thickness of the steel sheets in such a way that the lower the gauge number, the thicker the steel. Low cost carbon steel caskets are usually made of 20-gauge steel. (20 sheets of 20ga steel have a thickness of one inch.) Twenty gauge steel sheets have a thickness of 1/20" or 0,8 mm; this is the same thickness as used in many automobile body panels. More expensive steel Caskets are made from 18- and 16-gauge steel. 16 ga steel sheets have a thickness of 1/16" or 1,3 mm. 16 ga steel is twice as heavy as 20 ga steel, 140% stronger and has a 140% longer life than 20ga.
Probably because steel caskets (or caskets made of other metals) can be sealed hermetically, meaning that they can be made airtight and watertight, which is requested for long distance shipments of remains.
Yes, there is a difference, but is less important than the difference between solid (sheet) bronze and cast bronze caskets. Solid bronze caskets are welded from sheets of wrought bronze. Bronze deposit caskets too, but they have an additional coat of bronze which is applied by an electrolytic (or similar) process to a base made of sheet bronze. This increases the thickness of the bronze walls and guarantees a smooth surface.
Only those caskets are air (and water) tight which are "sealer" caskets, meaning that they are provided with a rubber like sealing gasket between the lid and the base of the caskets. Usually only metal caskets can be sealer caskets.
The question is somewhat difficult to answer because copper deposited casket were manufactured until the 1980s only. Cast bronze and copper deposited caskets are the most expensive and the most heavy metal caskets available. While cast bronze caskets weigh between 1,000 and 1,200 lbs, copper deposit caskets have a weight between 600 and 800 lbs. The price difference between these caskets (which were manufactured by the Boyertown Burial Casket Company and by the National Casket Company of Boston) in the 1970s was as follows: cast bronze casket had a wholesale price between US $ 15,000 and 19,000 while copper deposited caskets cost between $ 5,000 and 6,000 wholesale (plus approximately $ 1,000 for an optional silver plated exterior).
Only those caskets are air (and water) tight which are "sealer" caskets, meaning that they are provided with a rubber like sealing gasket between the lid and the base of the caskets. Usually only metal caskets can be sealer caskets.
Standard metal caskets (20ga steel) weigh around 200 lbs empty. Most solid (sheet) copper or bronze caskets have a weight between 250 and 350 lbs. Copper deposit caskets (made of electrolytically deposited copper) between 600 and 800 lbs. Cast bronze caskets (cast from molten bronze like bells) between 1,000 and 1,200 lbs.
Very similar to many coffins and caskets used now. One difference was that due to wartime shortages, there were only very few metal caskets available.
Not always and never in countries where the graves are used over again. In the US the practice of placing the caskets in concrete (or metal) containers is very common although there is no law requiring it. Many cemeteries demand grave liners or burial vaults (hermetically sealed grave liners) to prevent the grave from caving in when heavy machinery is used on the lawn or when wooden caskets deteriorate.
Bronze caskets may be somewhat more expensive than copper caskets, but the price difference matters only in the lower price bracket of caskets made of semi precious metals; in the higher price brackets it seems to become irrelevant.
In the United States, standard caskets for adults have a length between 80 and 83 inches. Industrially manufactured oversize caskets are up to 96" long. Hand crafted caskets can be even longer.
"Glass sealer" caskets (protective caskets with an inner glass lid) are an older type of "sealer caskets" (caskets providing an air and watertight seal). Later (for example in the Gulf War) the remains of soldiers were shipped back in glassless "gasket sealer" caskets.
While the metal strength and durability of steel caskets is measured in gauge (ga.) - indicating the thickness of the metal - the strength of copper and bronze caskets is usually measured by the weight of the wrought metal sheets from which the caskets are welded together. The sheets used in standard solid copper or bronze caskets have a weight of 32 ounces per square foot, while more expensive caskets use 48oz sheets. Most 32 oz caskets have an empty weight between 200 and 300 lbs, most 48oz caskets between 250 and 350 lbs. In rare cases, 64 oz copper sheets or 96 oz bronze sheets are used for luxury caskets. Exceptions confirm the rule: the measurement in ounces per square foot is not used for top of the line copper and bronze caskets: copper deposit caskets (not welded from copper sheets, but made by a time consuming electrolytic process) usually have a wall thickness of 1/8" (3mm) and an empty weight of approximately 600 to 800 lbs, while cast bronze caskets (which are cast from molten bronze like bells) usually have a weight between 1,000 and 1,200 lbs, which equals that of solid bronze caskets made from sheets with a weight of at least 96 oz.