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The number of Calories in a food is determined by using an apparatus called a calorimeter. A sample is placed in a steel container within the calorimeter and water is added to fill a surrounding chamber. When the food burns, the heat released increases the temperature of the surrounding water. By calculating the heat in kilocalories (or Calories) absorbed by the water, we can determine the caloric content of the food.

The caloric values are the kilocalories per gram of the three types of food: Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. These values are listed below.

Food Type Carbohydrate Fat (lipid) Protein

Caloric value 4 kcal/1g 9 kcal/1g 4 kcal/1g

If the composition of food is known in terms of the mass of each food type, the caloric content

(the total number of Calories) can be calculated.

Kilocalories= g x kcal/g

Sample problem.

How many kilocalories are in a piece of chocolate cake that contains 35g of carbohydrate, 10g of fat, and 5g of protein? Round the final answer to the nearest tens place.

Carbohydrate: 35g x 4 kcal/1g = 140 kcal

Fat: 10g x 9 kcal/1g = 90 kcal

Protein: 5g x 4 kcal/1g = 20 kcal

Total caloric content: 250 kcal

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