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Because of similar symptoms, but more specifically the symptom of being short of breath. But both have major differences.

Every time you take a breath, the lungs expand. On the inside of the lungs there are airways that resemble a tree and it's branches. At the end of those branches there are tiny elastic air sacs that inflate and deflate with each breath. Emphysema is the condition in which those air sacs have been destroyed and have lost their elasticity. Needless to say, the damage is irreversible, so the symptom of being short of breath is always present.

Asthma effects the airways in the lungs. It is a restriction of those airways, and unlike emphysema, is triggered by variety of things causing episodes of severe shortness of breath, usually accompanied with a feeling of panic and/or anxiety.

Obviously asthma is far less serious due to the difference between destruction of lung tissue, and episodes of restriction of airways in healthy, functional lungs. Both have treatment that can effectively control symptoms.

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Q: How is asthma similar to having emphysema. How is it different?
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